No abstract

In the article, the authors provided the overview of the results of international clinical studies and recent papers, as well as their own experience with the use of an enzyme mucolytic – dornase alpha in the treatment of cystic fibrosis and other chronic bronchitis affected by mucostasis. The dornase alfa has been shown to have two more non-mucolytic effects, the most important of them is anti-inflammatory one. It is the anti-inflammatory effect that plays an important role in patients with cystic fibrosis, when chronic bacterial inflammation and destruction of lung tissue take place in the pathogenesis of the disease. Dornase alpha counteracts neutrophil elastase, reducing its concentration in sputum. The authors emphasize on the fact that the same inflammatory reactions occur in covid infection and that it is dornase alfa that acts with an anti-inflammatory effect in ordinary patients, as well as in cystic fibrosis. The authors share their own experience and bring three clinical examples that demonstrate not only good tolerability and safety, but also the clinical efficacy of dornase alfa (Tigerase): in a young child when a diagnosis was established, in a teenager with a successful transition to a biosimilar after a long-term administration, and in a teenager with mucoviscidosis, who successfully managed a covid infection during therapy with this drug. The authors emphasize that dornaza alfa is now the main component of the background therapy of patients with mucoviscidosis, and its representative Tigerase may be successfully used in variously-aged children.

The article presents the investigation results of the heat transfer process in a moving continuous medium. The lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) was used. This model is based on the principles of the cellular automata system. For the study, an orthogonal spatial lattice with diagonal constraints was adopted, by means of which the particle distribution functions were introduced from a discrete set of allowed velocities. These distribution functions were described by a discrete analogue of the Boltzmann kinetic equation. This approach made it possible to study the evolution of the distribution functions of particles in a continuous medium as a fuction of discrete-time steps. The model used made it possible to describe both mechanisms of thermal energy transfer in a moving medium – macroscopic and microscopic. In this case, the macroscopic transfer due to the motion of a continuous medium was determined by a change in the density of the particle distribution, and the microscopic (molecular) transport was determined by the relaxation heat exchange operator. This operator of the mathematical model characterized the redistribution of heat in a discrete region due to the collision of particles, that is, it takes into account the thermal conductivity of the medium. Since not only the moving continuous medium but also the boundary surfaces (walls, obstacles) participate in the heat exchange process, the elements taking into account this fact were included in the model. To test an adequacy of the approach used a software application was developed. It was used to simulate and visualize the process of heat transfer by a moving continuous medium. The application also allowed setting confining surfaces of various forms. An analysis of the computer experiment results allows us to state that the obtained data do not contradict to the real concepts of the processes of heat transfer in a moving fluid. The advantage of the proposed discrete approach is the possibility of describing hydrodynamic and thermal processes within the framework of a single model, which makes it quite convenient to use. In addition, this method makes it possible to solve heat transfer problems for objects that have a complex geometric configuration of the interfaces. Forcitation:Chernyavskaya A.S., Bobkov S.P. Convective heat transfer discrete modeling. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 86-90

Adequately organized nutritional support allows avoiding the development of protein-energy malnutrition in patients with bronchopulmonary diseases and cystic fibrosis (CF). The satisfying of increased protein and energy needs of CF patients can only be implemented under the administration. The aim of the study is to analyze the tolerance and effectiveness of the use of domestic sterilized liquid specialized high-protein high-calorie mixtures «Nutrien Pulmo» and «Nutrien Energiya with Dietary Fibers» in children over three years of age with acute (pneumonia) and chronic (cystic fibrosis) forms of bronchopulmonary pathology. Patients and methods. Fifty-five children, including 41 patient suffered from CF, 14 cases with pneumonia, aged from 3 to 18years, were under observation. Of these, 23 (42%) children received Nutrien Pulmo, 32 (58%) children received Nutrien Energiya with Dietary Fibers. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO-Anthro programs (for children from 3 to 5 years old) and WHO-Anthro Plus (for patients over five years) and clinical and biochemical blood test indices. The observation period was accounted for three weeks. Results. All patients highly appreciated the taste of the products, there were no refusals to take specialized mixtures, neither adverse events during the observation period. While taking specialized mixtures, there was a positive trend in anthropometric indices and a significant improvement in biochemical markers of nutritional status: an increase in prealbumin, total protein, transferrin level. Conclusion. The use of specialized domestic products «Nutrien Pulmo» and «Nutrien Energiya with Dietary Fibers» in the diet therapy of children with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary pathology has the safe and positive effect on the nutritional status of patients.