Background and aims: Online social networking sites (SNSs) like Facebook provide users with myriad social rewards. These social rewards bring users back to SNSs repeatedly, with some users displaying maladaptive, excessive SNS use. Symptoms of this excessive SNS use are similar to symptoms of substance use and behavioral addictive disorders. Importantly, individuals with substance use and behavioral addictive disorders have difficulty making value-based decisions, as demonstrated with paradigms like the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT); however, it is currently unknown if excessive SNS users display the same decision-making deficits. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between excessive SNS use and IGT performance. Methods: We administered the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) to 71 participants to assess their maladaptive use of the Facebook SNS. We next had them perform 100 trials of the IGT to assess their value-based decision making. Results: We found a negative correlation between BFAS score and performance in the IGT across participants, specifically over the last block of 20 trials. There were no correlations between BFAS score and IGT performance in earlier blocks of trials. Discussion: Our results demonstrate that more severe, excessive SNS use is associated with more deficient valuebased decision making. In particular, our results indicate that excessive SNS users may make more risky decisions during the IGT task. Conclusion: This result further supports a parallel between individuals with problematic, excessive SNS use, and individuals with substance use and behavioral addictive disorders.

Cue the crescendo: An audience watches as a ballerina takes center stage and precisely executes 32 fouettés en tournant-en pointe. Each revolution is performed with athletic deftness, spatial precision, and corporeal poise. Underlying the smooth delivery, the dancer's mind and body reach an apex: maintaining balance with arched feet, pointed toes, grounded core muscles, and postural stability. She generates impetus for the turns while coordinating her arms, shoulders, and hands, to appear light and effortless, with a smile on her face and perfect synchronization with the music. Complex coordination in a dance context extends well beyond the movement vocabulary of classical ballet dancers. It is cultivated among the many cultures of the world and their respective dance traditions. For the purposes of the present chapter, we define dance as bodily movements-whether choreographed or impromptu, rhythmic or asymmetric, with or without musical accompaniment-as a medium for artistic expression for individuals or groups. The ubiquity and purpose of dance have been examined in scientific contexts for over a century. First postulated by Darwin and corroborated by recent research, the origins of dance are speculated to be displays of courtship and mate selection, including indicators of symmetry, testosterone exposure in males, and synchrony with partner(s) (Fusani 2008;Shuster 2009).Scientific investigation of dance can illuminate more than just its origins or the evolutionary function of coordinated movement, however. Of interest in the present chapter is how the behavioral and brain sciences are using dance paradigms in experimental contexts to better understand the neurophysiological substrates supporting E. S. Cross ( ) • A.

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