Courtyard in building contributes to indoor thermal environment. Courtyard element is commonly applied as passive cooling strategy in the design of boarding house in Indonesia. Courtyard has a potential aspect of being micro climate-modifier to reduce indoor air temperature during the day. This paper discusses the effects of courtyards on indoor thermal environment in Indonesian contemporary boarding houses using field measurement. This paper focuses on the indoor air temperature reduction of 5 courtyard houses design of the contemporary boarding house in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The field experiment method was used for two physical environmental variables: the air temperature and relative humidity. Each sensor was shaded with a paper cups wrapped with the aluminum foil to prevent the effect of direct thermal radiation. Measurement was taken for approximately 23 days continuously in each building. The results of the measurement exposed that the form and enclosure element is pivotal in its thermal environment design consideration for tropical climate. Meanwhile, utilizing ventilation blocks as the primary enclosure also help reduce air temperature in hot-humid climates. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures in the courtyard and surrounding room were approximately 0.3-1.7°C lower than the outdoor air temperature during daytime. During night-time, indoor air temperatures inside swing to 0.8-1.9°C higher than the outdoor. The results of the thermal environment evaluation revealed that indoor air temperatures can be categorized as a neutral temperature of the measurement period. Therefore, the application of courtyards in contemporary boarding houses have proven as possible means of achieving sufficient cooling effects through full-day ventilation strategy, and showed improved performance when combined with ventilated blocks.

Gudang Atag is one of Indonesia's vernacular buildings, which is a characteristic of the Na-Oogst tobacco plantation as raw material for cigars. This tobacco barn can produce tobacco leaves with quality that conforms to the standard using the process of air curing. Air curing is the process of drying tobacco using only wind inside the building-without mechanical support, thus makes Gudang Atag classified as an energy-independent building. Building performance is supported by the envelope, building size, wind availability, and tobacco barn workers. From the studies conducted, several passive design strategies might be applied as adaptations from the concept of air curing in Gudang Atag.

This study investigate permeable pavement utilization and its impact on air temperature by using site measurement, statistical analysis, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. National Central University (NCU) main library is the case study for the simulations. Simulations on five pavement types (dense grade asphalt concrete/DGAC, permeable asphalt concrete/PAC, concrete, permeable interlocking concrete block/PICB, and grass block) shows that grass block and PICB can reduce air temperature, while three others increase air temperature.

Sumbersari, a village with wonderful natural views has the potential for ecotourism development in Malang City. As a part of UB Forest area, Sumbersari will be completed with homestay among its existing residential area. This study aims to develop a design guideline of homestay construction. The guideline is essential to ensure buildings and environment will be developed neatly and designed appropriately. A Number of data were collected through site observation and interviews with the local community. Data were examined to seek appropriate components in the guidelines acceptable by residents. This study proposed the size, rooms, layout, typical materials, structural system and typical furnishings for homestay.

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