This study deals with the use of WhatsApp voice note in speaking class. This study aimed at figuring out the teacher’s way in implementing WhatsApp voice note in teaching speaking on narrative text and investigating the perspective on WhatsApp voice note to improve speaking skill on narrative text. In conducting this study, the researcher used qualitative approach. Case study was applied as a research design in this study. This study involved 35 students of the tenth grade (X MIPA 1) and one English teacher. Instruments used in this study were classroom observation, interview, and questionnaire. The results of this study showed that nine steps were used by the teacher in the teaching and learning process through WhatsApp voice note in speaking class on narrative text. Meanwhile, most of the students gave their positive response toward the teaching and learning process. The teacher argued that WhatsApp voice note is a useful tool to provide the students opportunities to speak especially on narrative text and the students can share information easily. It also allows the students asking for help using English. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that learning to speak English using WhatsApp voice note is an attractive learning activity, positive activity, and WhatsApp voice note is easy to use. Finally, this study suggests other researchers to involve the objective data, to enrich the instrumentation, to add more sample of the study and to employ other methods and design in order to enrich the data.

The growth of motor vehicles over the past five years has reached 8.63 % per year. The increasing number of vehicles has an impact on increasing fuel consumption. One alternative energy as another fuel currently being developed in motor vehicles is bioethanol. The addition of bioethanol will certainly change the fuel properties, the fuel will be more difficult to self-ignite so the pressure generated in the combustion chamber will be more consistent. The coefficient of variation (COV) represents the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of a set of data, in this study in-cylinder pressure data (IMEP) is used. Based on previous research that discussed the analysis of emission gas and fuel consumption on SI engine fueled with low-grade bioethanol and oxygenated additive, the authors examined further to analyze the characteristic of gasoline-ethanol blend and oxygenated additive to COVIMEP and exhaust gas emissions of the various fuel mixture at variable engine speed were investigated. The results of the study show that gasoline-ethanol blend and oxygenated additive decrease variation in combustion pressure. It also reduces exhaust emissions; CO and HC are found to be reduced while CO 2 and O 2 increased as concentration increases.

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Air merupakan kebutuhan penting bagi hajat hidup warga di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Temuireng merupakan salah satu desa di kecamatan Panggang, Kabupaten Gunung kidul, yang kebutuhan airnya masih jauh dari cukup. Di desa ini terdapat 269 kepala keluarga dengan rata-rata 4 jiwa di setiap kepala keluarga, sehingga terdapat kurang lebih 1076 jiwa yang kebutuhan airnya masih belum terpenuhi. Air untuk suplai ke desa ini terkendala oleh kemampuan pemompaan dan kualitas air baku. Kualitas air baku dimusim  curah hujan tinggi yang berasal dari Baron maupun gua Ngobaran masih mengandung bakteri E-Coli 9000 per 100 ml sedang total bakteri Coliform 28000 per 100 ml. Dari analisa air dimusim curah hujan sedang total coliform 4000 per 100 ml, dan analisa air dimusim curah hujan rendah (kemarau) total coliform berkisar 400 per 100 ml. Dari persyaratan maksimum 50 per 100 ml. Material terjerap dalam media karst saling berkaitan, antara bahan organik (parameter coliform) dan anorganik (parameter TDS). Dengan proses pengolahan secara laboratorium yang melibatkan proses flokulasi, sedimentasi, untuk dosis tawas, PAC dan biji Kelor sebesar 0,5 – 1 ppm mampu menurunkan TDS dari kisaran 262-288 ppm menjadi dibawah 200 ppm, dan jika dilanjutkan dengan filtrasi dengan media filter zeolit mampu menurunkan TDS hingga dibawah 180 ppm dalam waktu pengendapan 30 menit. Dan untuk dosis kelor jika dilanjutkan dengan perlakuan filter karbon mampu menurunkan TDS hingga dibawah 160 ppm dalam waktu filtrasi 30-60 menit. Sedang untuk proses olahan dengan destilasi percik tenaga surya, dimungkinkan terjadi penurunan TDS maupun coliform namun diperlukan intensitas sinar matahari yang cukup tinggi untuk proses penguapan.ABSTRACT: Water is an important resource for the people in Gunung Kidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Water scarcity is one of big issue in Temuireng, one of panggang’s district in the Gunung Kidul regency. There is 269 family living in this villge and every family consist of four person so there are approximately 1076 person who need the clean water. The clean water supply for this village constrained by pump power and raw water quality. Raw water quality in rainy season (high rainfall intensity) contains of E-Coli 9000 per 100 ml and total Coliform bacteri 28000 per 100 ml. Raw water quality in medium rainfall intensity season contains of total Coliform  4000 per 100 ml and raw water quality in summer season (low rainfall intensity) contains of total Coliform  400 per 100 ml, from maximum regulation 50 per 100 ml. Material absorbed in karst include organic (coliform parameter) and anorganic (TDS parameter), which related in each other, can contaminate the water. Flocculation and sedimentation using 0.5-1 ppm doses of alum, PAC and kelor are performed to purify the water. The coagulant can decrease TDS parameter from 262-288 ppm to under 200 ppm, and if this process continued with filtration (filter zeolit), it can decrease TDS parameter to under 180 ppm in 30 minute. If the process continued by filtration process (carbon filter) using kelor, it can decrease TDS parameter to under 160ppm in 30-60 minute. Using spark destilation solar energy process can decrease TDS parameter and coliform bacteria, but this process need high sunlight intensity for evaporation.

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