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In our days, simulation based development is a core element of vehicle engineering, especially considering highly automated or fully autonomous vehicles. Accordingly, the paper presents a benchmark of three different automotive simulators: PreScan, IPG CarMaker, and VTD Vires. The three software tools were applied for the same goal, namely, modelling the ZalaZONE Proving Ground of Hungary for vehicle testing. The paper aims to highlight the experiences while creating the virtual models by presenting and comparing the relevant software features and providing suggestions for scientific or practical application.

The paper addresses the technological change that is currently happening in industry. First, a review of the global trends that impact industrial developmentsis made, then a summary ofexpanding intelligent technologies and their systems. The report describes in detail the concept of Industry 4.0 and its major technology-related aspects. At the end of the paper, a summary of social consequences is addressed, especially concerning generational concerns connected to the current change in industrial technology. The purpose of the study is to raise some special aspects and considerations in the given subject.

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The aim of this paper is to provide an overview about the efforts of the management board of the Automotive Proving Ground in Zalaegerszeg to decrease carbon effects, which is in a close relation with the project level sustainability opportunities of this special investment. Based on the research work we have done, solutions were proposed to achieve the vision of "net zero (or negative) emissions" of this project. In the investigations concerning the test track, system boundaries were defined such that all relevant facilities and processes operating were considered. In emissions calculations, we have employed the procedure outlined by the GHG Protocol for 3 scopes and the employed methodology relied heavily on the related standard. For the calculations, the definition and collection of input data types was the first step. Then the assessment has been conducted by taking into consideration the geometric shape of test platforms, anticipated vehicle loading of track elements, typical distance-speed diagrams, as well as the utilized vehicle types (passenger cars, trucks and buses). We calculated CO2-equivalent emissions from gasoline and diesel fuel consumptions (from the product of fuel demand and conversion factors), using "Tank-to-Wheels" and "Well-to-Wheels" approaches. Based on the emission calculations carbon offsetting opportunities were analyzed to assume the effect of CO2 emissions reduction and capture: forestation and green surface development; energy crop plantation and heat generation; establishment of a photovoltaic (PV) farm (electricity production). We have shown the main characteristics of the 3 main options and their advantages and disadvantages.