Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is growing in worldwide prevalence and thus, is expected to have a higher number of NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the following years. This review describes the risk factors associated with HCC in NAFLD-patients. The presence of liver cirrhosis is the preponderant one. Male gender, PNPLA3 variants, diabetes, and obesity also appear to predispose to the development of HCC, even in non-cirrhotic subjects. Thus far, intensive lifestyle modifications, including glycemic control, and obesity treatment, are effective therapies for NAFLD/ non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and, therefore, probably, also for HCC. Some drugs that aimed at decreasing inflammatory activity and fibrosis, as well as obesity, were studied. Other data have suggested the possibility of HCC chemoprevention. So far, however, there is no definitive evidence for the routine utilization of these drugs. We hope, in the future, to be able to profile patients at higher risk of NAFLD-HCC and outline strategies for early diagnosis and prevention.

We describe a case of post-traumatic high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula that was successfully treated with coils and pipeline embolization device. Following the endovascular treatment, the patient experienced clinical improvement of symptoms with complete anatomical restoration of the internal carotid artery.

Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis is rare and corresponds to the concomitant absence of ICA and the carotid canal. Two possible mechanisms involve the association between ICA agenesis and intracranial aneurysms: hemodynamic overload and hyperflow by demand of a given territory. We describe a case of Type I agenesis of the left ICA associated with fusiform aneurysm and fenestration of the basilar artery (BA).

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