This paper studies the combined effects of innovation and information and communication technologies (ICT) on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs
Since independence (1960s), African countries are regularly animated by crisis (political alternation, ethnic conflicts, tribalism, wars, coup d'états). These plagues that consume African society have serious impact on the economic growth of these countries, and diversely affect neighboring countries known for their relative stability. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of political crises in Central African Republic (CAR) on the Cameroon health performances. We used Nafziger crude mortality model based on famine, conflict and population displacement. The econometric analysis of the model shows a strong contribution of the critical political situation in CAR on the degradation of the health state of people living in Cameroon. Several reasons justify this argument: the influx of refugees from one country to another and the dissemination of diseases amplified by the precariousness of their living condition on the Cameroon territory. This proofs that political instability in Central African Republic (CAR) negatively affects the health state of the Cameroonian population.
R esum e: Le pr esent travail a pour objectif d'identifier les d eterminants du financement bancaire des PME camerounaises. Il s'appuie pour cela sur l'enquête « Formulation d'un Plan de D eveloppement Local des PME au Cameroun » r ealis ee aupr es de 413 PME par le minist ere des petites et moyennes entreprises, de l' economie sociale et de l'artisanat (MINPMEESA) du Gouvernement camerounais et l'Agence Japonaise de Coop eration Internationale (JICA). Nous utilisons un mod ele logit simple et les m ethodes d'estimations r ecentes. L'analyse statistique des donn ees r ev ele que les PME autofinancent leurs activit es a court terme et font recours aux institutions financi eres a long terme. L'analyse econom etrique a montr e que les principaux d eterminants du financement des PME sont la pr esence r eguli ere des effets financiers, la qualit e des garanties offertes, la taille de la PME, la rentabilit e et le capital social (appartenance aux r eseaux sociaux, participation des etrangers au capital, soutien des autorit es gouvernementales). Cependant, les relations sociales qui sont des indicateurs du degr e de confiance des PME am eliorent significativement la probabilit e d'acc es au financement bancaire en r eduisant le degr e d'opacit e des PME aux yeux du banquier.Abstract: The present work aims to identify the determinants of financing banking Cameroonian SMEs. It is based on the survey 'Formulation of Local Development Plan for SMEs in Cameroon' conducted among 413 SMEs by the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises, Social Economy and Handicraft (MINPMEESA) Government of Cameroon and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). We use a simple logit model and robust statistical tests. The results of our analysis reveal that SMEs in the short term self-finance their business while in the long run they use financial institution funds. Moreover, analysis of the determinants of their access to external finance reveal that the main determinants of SME financing are: regular presence of financial effects, the cost of financing, quality guarantees, the SME size, its profitability, the skills of the manager and the social capital. The latter significantly improves SMEs' conditions of access to credit by reducing their degree of opacity in the eyes of bankers.
L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre en évidence l’impact de l’adoption d’innovations sur la productivité des entreprises, en insistant sur l’adoption simultanée d’innovations technologiques et d’innovations non technologiques. Ce travail utilise une méthodologie constituée de deux blocs d’équations à structure récurrente, appliquée aux microdonnées de 1897 entreprises du Cameroun, de la Côte d’Ivoire et du Sénégal. En estimant ces équations par la méthode Probit bivariée et les doubles moindres carrés, l’étude trouve que les innovations technologique et non technologique sont complémentaires et ont des effets importants sur la productivité des entreprises. Cette complémentarité est une preuve que l’innovation technologique contribue plus à la productivité lorsqu’elle est accompagnée par l’innovation non technologique et vice versa. L’introduction de nouveaux produits (ou services), accompagnée par de nouvelles méthodes d’organisation et de commercialisation, a un effet plus important sur la productivité des entreprises.Classification JEL : Q55, O55, P12, J24, D24, O14.
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