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From a questionnaire sent to 90 spinal cord injury (SCI) patients it is concluded that 58% of patients with a complete SCI above L2 suer from constipation, de®ned as two or fewer bowel movements per week, or the use of aids such as laxatives, manual evacuation or enemas. Tetraplegic patients had the highest prevalence of constipation, while patients with low paraplegia were less prone to constipation. The use of anticholinergic drugs was found to predispose to constipation. Preserved rectal sensation did not in¯uence the presence of constipation. Faecal incontinence was rare. Regular abdominal pain was present in one third of SCI patients and might be caused by an irritable bowel syndrome in 62% of these.

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, and NS3 were recognized HCV-specific CD8/ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) able less frequently. This recognition pattern was not related to recognize and kill target cells expressing core, E1, to the therapy with IFN-a nor to the clinical response E2, and NS2 proteins in an HLA class I restricted manof the patient toward this therapy. The response to the ner, could be isolated from liver tissue of chronic hepaCore protein could be fine-mapped to the COOH-termi-titis C patients. [5][6][7] In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from such patients also displayed CTL responses to core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 epitopes