Resumo Objetivo avaliar a qualidade das informações das declarações de óbito (DO) com menções de sífilis congênita (SC) nos óbitos perinatais no Brasil (2001/2002 e 2012/2013). Métodos estudo transversal com dados do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade de óbitos fetais e neonatais precoces. Foram calculadas taxas de mortalidade fetal, neonatal precoce e perinatal específicas por SC, percentual de incompletude por variáveis selecionadas, razões de causa básica e causa múltipla (CB/CM) e outros indicadores. Analisou-se causa básica original comparativamente à causa básica após investigação. Resultados em 2001/02 e 2012/13, ocorreram 330 e 933 óbitos perinatais, respectivamente, com menção de SC; a taxa de mortalidade perinatal passou de 4,2 a 12,8 por 100 mil nascimentos totais. A completude dos principais campos de preenchimento obrigatório melhorou, com CB/CM de 0,8 para SC, indicando registro adequado dessa causa com as causas múltiplas. A participação da SC como causa básica da morte aumentou pós-investigação, passando de 31,2% para 85,4% (óbitos fetais) e de 54,5% a 76,2% (neonatais precoces). Conclusão a taxa de mortalidade perinatal por SC aumentou, com melhora do preenchimento das DO. O uso das causas múltiplas de morte permitiu análise dos óbitos perinatais com menção de SC, o que é importante, dados os esforços na redução dessa doença.
RESUMOA cross-sectional study of perinatal deaths data from the Mortality Information System, with mention of congenital syphilis. Mother's reproductive history, sociodemographic aspects, gestation, delivery and newborn and cause of death were evaluated in time. Percentage comparisons and t tests were used. The level of significance was 5%. Results: There were 330 and 933 perinatal deaths with mention of congenital syphilis in 2001/2002 and 2012/2013, respectively. In both periods, the mean age of the mothers was slightly more than 23 years; more than half of the deaths were children of mothers living in the Southeast; most deaths weighted 1,000 to less than 2,500 g; 80% of the underlying causes were congenital syphilis. The percentage of mothers with more than 7 years of schooling went from 22.1% to 34.7% (p<0.001); prematurity was more frequent among those who died (p<0.001); deaths from maternal factors, complications of pregnancy and labor increased in the period; and there were reductions of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders of the perinatal period (p<0.001). Conclusion: Congenital syphilis is a public health problem in Brazil. The number of deaths that mentioned congenital syphilis almost tripled in 11 years. It is noteworthy that deaths of viable newborns occur, indicating that they are preventable.
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