This paper addresses the cognitive models that frame our understanding of what is traditionally called “metaphoric polysemy”, a well-established principle at work when it comes to naming the animals around us. In particular, taking the Roman nomenclature of aquatic animals as a case study, polysemy is redefined according to some basic cognitive principles of ethnobiological classification such as analogical similarity, biological essentialism and the role of simultaneous metaphoric and metonymic associations to the perceptual/cultural constraints targeted on the biological referent for naming it – the result is at least two kinds of metaphoric polysemy, to be called “external” (or exo-polysemy) and “internal” (or endo-polysemy), respectively. The idea is that the naming patterns that emerge from the ethnozoological nomenclature under examination may not only provide a better understanding of an ancient people’s zooanthropology but a paradigm for analysing descriptive ethnobiological naming in general.
The Greek and Latin world viewed khrόmis as essentially a vocal fish and a highly esteemed one, which does not match the identification, provided by Rondelet and ratified by Linnaeus, with the Mediterranean damselfish, Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) (also extended to the other pomacentrids of the genus Chromis). Trying to explain the reason behind Rondelet's misidentification deepens our understanding of the anthropozoology of the fish actually called khrόmis by the ancients (in fact a sciaenid, most likely the shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758)), while at the same time providing a possible interpretation to immunda chromis (lit. 'unclean chromis'), an obscure syntagm found in Ovid's (?) Halieutica. RÉSUMÉ Le grec khrόmis entre son et odeur. Anthropozoologie d'un poisson Le monde gréco-latin considérait khrόmis essentiellement comme un poisson vocal et très apprécié, ce qui ne concorde pas avec l'identification, fournie par Rondelet et ratifiée par Linné, avec la castagnole méditerranéenne, Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) (étendu aussi aux autres pomacentridés du genre Chromis). Essayer d'expliquer les raisons de la mauvaise identification par Rondelet permet d'approfondir notre compréhension de l'anthropozoologie du poisson effectivement appelé khrόmis par les anciens (en fait un sciaenidé, vraisemblablement l'ombrine côtière, Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758)), tout en fournissant en même temps une possible interprétation de immunda chromis (littéralement 'chromis impur'), une expression obscure qu'on trouve dans les Halieutiques, poème attribué à Ovide.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.