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39Freshwater mussel populations are highly susceptible to environmental alterations due to 40 their diminished numbers and primarily sessile behaviors; non-lethal biomonitoring programs are 41 needed to evaluate the health of populations prior to mass-mortality events. Our objectives were 42 to determine 1) which biochemical parameters in freshwater mussel hemolymph could be 43 consistently quantified, 2) how hemolymph parameters and tissue glycogen respond to a thermal 44 stress gradient (25, 30, and 35°C) and 3) the effects of tissue and hemolymph extraction on long-45 term growth and survival of smaller and larger-bodied mussel species. Glucose exhibited 46 elevated expression in both species with increasing water temperature. Two transaminase 47 enzymes had elevated expression in the 30°C treatment. The effects of hemolymph extraction 48 and tissue biopsies were evaluated with a large-bodied species, Elliptio crassidens, and a smaller 49 species, Villosa vibex. Individuals were monitored for 820 to 945 days after one of four 50 treatments: hemolymph extraction, tissue biopsy, tissue and hemolymph extraction, and control. 51Hemolymph extraction and tissue biopsy adversely affected survival of V. vibex, suggesting that 52 these extraction methods may add some risk of reduced survival to smaller-bodied species. 53Survival of E. crassidens was not impaired by any of the treatments, supporting the use of these 54 techniques in non-lethal biomonitoring programs for larger-bodied mussel species. 55

Invasive carps are ecologically and economically problematic fish species in many large river basins in the United States and pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems throughout much of North America. Four species of invasive carps: black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), are particularly concerning for native ecosystems because they occupy and disrupt a variety of food and habitat niches. In response, natural resource agencies are developing integrated pest management (IPM) plans to mitigate invasive carps. Control tools are one key component within a successful IPM program and have been a focal point for development by governmental agencies and academic researchers. For example, behavioural deterrents and barriers that block migratory pathways could limit carps range expansion into new areas, while efficient removal methods could suppress established carp populations. However, control tools are sometimes limited in practice due to uncertainty with deployment, efficacy and availability. This review provides an overview of several emerging modelling approaches and control technologies that could inform and support future invasive carp IPM programs.