Damodaram, Chandana, Marcio H. Giacomoni, C. Prakash Khedun, Hillary Holmes, Andrea Ryan, William Saour, and Emily M. Zechman, 2010. Simulation of Combined Best Management Practices and Low Impact Development for Sustainable Stormwater Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00462.x Abstract:  Urbanization causes increased stormwater runoff volumes, leading to erosion, flooding, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Although Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used widely as a means for controlling flood runoff events, Low Impact Development (LID) options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID practices such as rainwater harvesting, green roofs, and permeable pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices in an existing hydrologic model to estimate the effects of LID choices on streamflow. The modeling approach has been applied to a watershed located on the campus of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, to predict the stormwater reductions resulting from retrofitting existing infrastructure with LID technologies. Results demonstrate that use of these LID practices yield significant stormwater control for small events and less control for flood events. A combined BMP‐LID approach is tested for runoff control for both flood and frequent rainfall events.

Researchers and those working with elderly people should not assume that the presence of family members necessarily implies that social support affecting physical health and well-being will be forthcoming.

Data from the NLSY79, a U.S. nationally representative longitudinal survey of labor market behavior, sponsored and directed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor, was used to assess the influence of marijuana use on educational attainment (N = 7,724). Multivariate nested OLS models assessed the associations of marijuana use in 1979, 1984, and 1998 with educational attainment in 2002. Adolescent, frequent, and persistent users experienced lower attainment at ages 37 to 45 than nonusers even when use was confined to adolescence. Implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study extended previous research on the association of substance use with family formation behavior by assessing the effects of the type and extent of adolescent substance use in a competing risks model. Substance use was expected to increase the likelihood of nonmarital family formation overall and differently by gender. Method: Longitudinal data from home interviews with the 14-to 16-year-old respondents to the fi rst wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (N = 4,011) were used in multinomial logistic regressions estimating the odds that fi rst cohabitation, parenthood, or remaining single occurred before fi rst marriage among fi ve types of substance users compared with nonusers. Full sample analysis preceded separate analyses of women (n = 1,946) and men (n = 2,065). Results: Illegal drug use and concurrent substance use increased the likelihood that cohabitation, as opposed to marriage, was the fi rst family type. Concurrent use of three types of substances had the largest effect on family formation behavior. The effects of singular marijuana use mattered only for men. The effects of substance use on parenthood as the fi rst family type were signifi cant only for women and increased the likelihood that marriage occurred fi rst. Conclusions: The effects of substance use depended on the type(s) of substance(s) used, singular or concurrent use, and gender. Previous research regarding cohabitation was supported and extended. Assumptions that substance use leads to teenage or unwed parenthood based on the relationship of substance use to pregnancy or its predictors should be re-examined. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71, 938-949, 2010) Received: February 18, 2010. Revision: June 14, 2010. *This research was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse grant 1R26DA021318-01.† Correspondence may be sent to Dr. Andrea Kay Ryan at the above address or via email at: akr31@pitt.edu. T EENAGE OR PREMARITAL COHABITATION, preunion parenthood, or not forming an adult family relate to later poverty, educational failure, unstable labor force participation, criminality, depression, stress, partner violence, and poor physical health (Brown, 2000;Crane, 1991;DeKlyen et al., 2006;Frye et al., 2007;Hagestad and Call, 2007;Knight et al., 1977;Popenoe, 2007). Substance use is an important behavior associated with family formation. For instance, young adults signifi cantly reduce their frequency of substance use when they marry; however, frequency declines only modestly among people who remain single (Bachman et al., 1997;Leonard and Rothbard, 1999; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2004). A longstanding explanation of the "marriage effect" is that the cultural norms of adult family roles in marriage discourage substance use (Bachman et al., 1997(Bachman et al., , 2002Coleman, 1978;Duncan et al., 2006;Homish and Leonard, 2005).Assumptions that marriage changes all types of substance use behavior may not be justifi ed, however. In this study, illegal drug use was de...