The Lasting Effects of Marijuana Use on Educational Attainment in Midlife

Ryan, Andrea Kay

doi:10.3109/10826080802490238

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Youth externalizing problems, especially when documented in childhood or early adolescence, have often been identified as predictors of lower educational attainment (King et al, 2006; McLeod & Kaiser, 2004; Pettit et al, 2009). Substance use later in adolescence also has been consistently linked with poorer school persistence (Chatterji, 2006; Hardy et al, 1997; King et al, 2006; Ryan, 2010). …”

Section: Predictors Of Educational Attainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of adolescent effortful control to early adult educational attainment.

Véronneau

Racer

Fosco

et al. 2014

Journal of Educational Psychology

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Effortful control has been proposed as a set of neurocognitive competencies that is relevant to self-regulation and educational attainment (Posner & Rothbart, 2007). This study tested the hypothesis that a multiagent report of adolescents’ effortful control (age 17) would be predictive of academic persistence and educational attainment (age 23–25), after controlling for other established predictors (family factors, problem behavior, grade point average, and substance use). Participants were 997 students recruited in 6th grade from 3 urban public middle schools (53% males; 42.4% European American; 29.2% African American). Consistent with the hypothesis, the unique association of effortful control with future educational attainment was comparable in strength to that of parental education and students’ past grade point average, suggesting that effortful control contributes to this outcome above and beyond well-established predictors. Path coefficients were equivalent across gender and ethnicity (European Americans and African Americans). Effortful control appears to be a core feature of the self-regulatory competencies associated with achievement of educational success in early adulthood. These findings suggest that the promotion of self-regulation in general and effortful control in particular may be an important focus not only for resilience to stress and avoidance of problem behavior, but also for growth in academic competence.

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Section: Predictors Of Educational Attainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of adolescent effortful control to early adult educational attainment.

Véronneau

Racer

Fosco

et al. 2014

Journal of Educational Psychology

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“…However, it is less clear whether occasional adolescent use also predicts poor long-term educational outcomes. Some longitudinal studies suggest that occasional adolescent users are less likely than abstainers to obtain postsecondary qualifications (Degenhardt et al, 2010;Ryan, 2010;Tucker et al, 2005), but other studies find that experimental or occasional users do not differ from abstainers in their educational outcomes (Englund et al, 2013;Schulenberg et al, 2005;Windle and Wiesner, 2004). Thus, although early adolescent use impedes success in high school and entry into PSE, increasing use later in adolescence or early adulthood may interfere with the ability to perform well in college.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Marijuana Use in Youth Ages 15–25: Implications for Postsecondary Education Experiences

Homel

Thompson

Leadbeater

2014

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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Objective-This study examined associations between longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood and postsecondary education (PSE) experiences. Outcomes examined included the type of PSE undertaken, the timing of enrollment, and the likelihood of dropping out. Method-Participants (N = 632; 332 females) were from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey, a five-wave multicohort study of young people interviewed biennially between 2003 and 2011. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct trajectories of the frequency of marijuana use from ages 15 to 25. Logistic regression analyses evaluated class membership as a predictor of the three PSE outcomes, with sex, maternal education, family structure, high school grades, and conduct problems controlled for. Results-Three trajectory groups of marijuana use were identified: abstainers (31%), occasional users (44%), and frequent users (25%). Compared with abstainers, frequent users had the lowest high school grades and the most conduct problems and were least likely to enroll in PSE, especially in a university. Occasional users did not differ from abstainers on high school grades or conduct problems and were no less likely than abstainers to enroll in PSE. However, they delayed enrollment longer and were more likely to drop out of PSE. Conclusions-Frequent marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood may close off opportunities for entering PSE, whereas occasional use may create delays in starting and finishing PSE among less at-risk young people. The mechanisms underlying associations between marijuana use and educational difficulties during emerging adulthood as well as adolescence need to be better understood.

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“…For example, studies of Canadian, Australian, and New Zealander youth have found that marijuana use in youth and young adulthood is associated with lower likelihood of secondary and postsecondary school completion, and enrollment in postsecondary education (Fergusson et al, 2003; Homel et al, 2014; Silins et al, 2014; Thompson et al, 2018; Van Ours & Williams, 2009). The few studies that have been conducted in the United States corroborate international studies’ findings (McCaffrey et al, 2010; Ryan, 2010), but only one study uses a nationally representative sample (Ryan, 2010).…”

Section: Marijuana Use and Socioeconomic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Research has suggested that marijuana use in adolescence can have negative long-term effects on school completion (Fergusson, Horwood, & Beautrais, 2003; Homel, Thompson, & Leadbeater, 2014; McCaffrey, Liccardo Pacula, Han, & Ellickson, 2010; Ryan, 2010; Silins et al, 2014; Thompson, Leadbeater, Ames, & Merrin, 2018; Van Ours & Williams, 2009). For example, studies of Canadian, Australian, and New Zealander youth have found that marijuana use in youth and young adulthood is associated with lower likelihood of secondary and postsecondary school completion, and enrollment in postsecondary education (Fergusson et al, 2003; Homel et al, 2014; Silins et al, 2014; Thompson et al, 2018; Van Ours & Williams, 2009).…”

Section: Marijuana Use and Socioeconomic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of First Marijuana Use and Its Impact on Education Attainment and Employment Status

Beverly

Castro

Opara

2019

Journal of Drug Issues

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With the increased prevalence of marijuana use among youth, the increase in state legalization, and changing social norms in the United States, it is important to understand the long-term impact of marijuana use initiation. This study examined whether age of first marijuana use is associated with educational attainment and employment status. Data from 5,988 adults aged 26 to 49 years who participated in the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used in the current study. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the odds of graduating from high school and being employed. Controlling for demographics, persons with late-early first use had significantly higher odds of graduating from high school and being employed compared with persons with early first use. Results underscore the importance of early prevention for youth aged 15 and younger and have implications for intervention and policy development.

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The Lasting Effects of Marijuana Use on Educational Attainment in Midlife

Cited by 11 publications

References 71 publications

The contribution of adolescent effortful control to early adult educational attainment.

The contribution of adolescent effortful control to early adult educational attainment.

Trajectories of Marijuana Use in Youth Ages 15–25: Implications for Postsecondary Education Experiences

Age of First Marijuana Use and Its Impact on Education Attainment and Employment Status

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