Introduction: Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) is a type of gymnastics that requires a high degree of flexibility due to the complexity of the required movements. Objective: This study aimed to compare the sit and reach test (SRT) and the Biophotogrammetry technique as indicators of trunk flexibility in beginning GR practitioners. Methods: The sample included 60 girls (5-11 years old) from a universe of 110, all enrolled in a Center for Sports Initiation in Parana State. Data collection was performed in November, 2009. In order to compare the SRT and biophotogrammetry, angles of the pelvis (PW), spinal flexion (SW) and total trunk flexion (TW) were drawn. Results: The average score achieved by the participants on the SRT scale was 27.75 cm. A strong correlation was found between TW angle and the SRT values. Since it is a combination of the SW and PW, the TW provides a global view of the distance from the trunk to the legs when bending occurs during the test. Therefore, the correlations between the angles are good and meaningful. Conclusion: Since the SRT has some intervening factors that may mask the result, biophotogrammetry is discussed as a test that allows the observation of reliable data for measuring flexibility and muscle compensation which are not usually identified, through photographs and angular calculations.
This research aims to determine the contributions of the hip joint, lumbar and thoracic spine in the execution of Sit and Reach (SR) in young Brazilians. Subjects were 195 boys from 18 to 19 years. Sit and Reach was evaluated with angular kinematic analysis through of Photogrammetry to identify the contribution of body segments in trunk flexion. A protocol was developed for evaluating reference angles that were transformed into percentage contribution of the segments. Based on the results, it was possible to create a table of classification of angles and percentages, which allowed the identification of compensation movement. It was possible to conclude that the contributions of the thoracic spine, lumbar spine and hip in performing the SR are 46.01±7.32%, 12.68±5.12% and 41.31±7.19% respectively. It is recommended that evaluations of flexion of the hip joint, thoracic and lumbar spine are performed separately by photogrammetry.
O teste de sentar e alcançar (TSA) é o teste mais comum para se avaliar a flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais. Apesar de muito utilizado, alguns estudos contestam sua utilização devido a fatores que podem mascarar o seu resultado como, por exemplo, a diferença de proporção de comprimento entre os membros inferiores e superiores, a flexibilidade da coluna vertebral e a abdução escapular. Algumas medidas realizadas em imagens permitem determinar posições relativas entre pontos de referências, ângulos, distâncias e áreas. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um protocolo de avaliação do nível de flexão do quadril (alongamento dos isquiotibiais), flexão da coluna lombar e da coluna torácica, por meio da fotogrametria, na posição final do TSA. Para desenvolver o protocolo de avaliação por fotogrametria utilizou-se uma câmera digital da marca Sony® de 10 megapixels de resolução de imagem, um tripé da marca Midas®, fita adesiva dupla face, um lápis dermográfico, e três marcadores tipo “cotovelos” de Poliestireno de 90º da marca Fame®. Para a realização da parte experimental do novo protocolo, utilizou-se uma amostra de 30 voluntários de 18 e 19 anos do sexo masculino que assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A utilização da análise cinemática angular obtida pela fotogrametria permitiu quantificar o movimento, determinando em valores angulares, a contribuição dos segmentos corporais na execução do TSA. A partir da analise dos resultados, pode-se observar também que o TSA não faz uma avaliação confiável da flexibilidade de isquiotibiais, pois pela homogeneidade dos valores encontrados para o ângulo Fq na amostra estudada, conclui-se que o que fez os sujeitos serem classificados em categorias diferentes (de “fraco” até “excelente”) não foi apenas a maior ou menor utilização dos músculos isquiotibiais, mas sim, a soma das contribuições dos segmentos lombar e torácico, pois participam ativamente deste movimento.
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