Introducción. Las desigualdades en los niveles de actividad física son evidentes a nivel mundial. En Colombia, uno de los países más desiguales de Latinoamérica, la información es limitada; por tal razón, es imperativo conocer las disparidades en actividad física en el país para orientar el diseño de programas y políticas públicas encaminadas a promoverla. Objetivos. Estimar las prevalencias del cumplimiento de recomendaciones sobre actividad física y sus factores asociados, identificar desigualdades por sexo y condición socioeconómica en el cumplimiento de estas recomendaciones en el año 2010 y evaluar la tendencia de las prevalencias de actividad física en un período de cinco años. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional, 2005Nutricional, -2010. La muestra total incluyó 27.243 adultos. Los niveles de actividad física se midieron con el cuestionario internacional de actividad física. La condición socioeconómica se midió por el nivel del Sisbén. Resultados. La prevalencia del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física en todos los dominios fue menor entre las mujeres. Los adultos de menor nivel socioeconómico tuvieron la menor prevalencia en "tiempo libre" y la mayor en "uso de la bicicleta como medio de transporte". Los factores asociados con el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones difirieron según el sexo y el dominio de actividad física. Las variables individuales y del hogar explicaron 13,6 % de las desigualdades por sexo y 23,2 % de las desigualdades por nivel socioeconómico. En un período de cinco años la prevalencia de "actividad física en el tiempo libre" disminuyó y aumentó en "caminar como medio de transporte". Conclusiones. Son preocupantes las bajas prevalencias de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones sobre actividad física en el tiempo libre en las mujeres y las personas de menor nivel socioeconómico. En futuras intervenciones para incrementar los niveles de actividad física deberán considerarse las desigualdades por sexo y condición socioeconómica, así como sus factores asociados.Palabras clave: desigualdades en la salud, actividad motora, factores socioeconómicos, encuestas nutricionales, adultos, prevalencia.http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v34i3.2258 Physical activity levels among Colombian adults: Inequalities by gender and socioeconomic statusIntroduction: Worldwide studies show inequalities in physical activity levels related to sociodemographic characteristics. In Colombia, among the countries in Latin America with the highest inequality, the evidence related to inequalities in physical activity is limited. It is imperative to identify disparities in physical activity in the country, to guide the design of public policies aimed at promoting physical activity. Objectives: 1) To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of meeting physical activity recommendations; 2) to assess inequalities by gender and socioeconomic status in meeting physical activity recommendations, and 3) to assess the trends in physical ...

Background: Prolonged sitting time is a risk factor for chronic disease, yet recent global surveillance is not well described. The aims were to clarify: (i) the countries that have collected country-level data on self-reported sitting time; (ii) the single-item tools used to collect these data; and (iii) the duration of sitting time reported across lowto high-income countries. Methods: Country-level data collected within the last 10 years using single-item self-report were included. The sixstage methodology: (1) reviewing Global Observatory for Physical Activity! Country Cards; (2-4) country-specific searches of PubMed, the Demographic and Health Survey website and Google; (5) analysing the Eurobarometer 88.4; and (6) country-specific searches for World Health Organization STEPwise reports. Results: A total of 7641 records were identified and screened for eligibility. Sixty-two countries (29%) reported sitting time representing 47% of the global adult population. The majority of data were from high-income (61%) and middle income (29%) countries. The tools used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; n = 34), a modified IPAQ (n = 1) or the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ; n = 27). The median of mean daily sitting times was 4.7 (IQR: 3.5-5.1) hours across all countries. Higher-income countries recorded a longer duration of sitting time than lower-income countries (4.9 vs 2.7 h). Conclusions: This study provides an updated collation of countries collecting self-reported sitting time data. The daily sitting time findings should be interpreted cautiously. Current surveillance of sitting time is limited by a lack of coverage. Measures of population sitting time that are valid, feasible and sensitive to change should be embedded within global surveillance systems, to help guide future policy, research and practice. Trial registration: Not applicable.

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Vascularized bone marrow transplantation (VBMT) appears to promote tolerance for vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). However, it is unclear whether VBMT is critical for tolerance induction and, if so, whether there is a finite amount of VCA that VBMT can support. We investigated this with a novel VCA combined flap model incorporating full-thickness hemiabdominal wall and hindlimb osteomyocutaneous (HAW/HLOMC) flaps. Effects of allograft mass (AM) and VBMT on VCA outcome were studied by comparing HAW/HLOMC VCAs with fully MHC-mismatched BN donors and Lewis recipients. Control groups did not receive treatments following transplantation. Treatment groups received a short course of cyclosporine A (CsA), antilymphocyte serum, and three doses of adipocyte-derived stem cells (POD 1, 8, and 15). The results showed that all flaps in control allogeneic groups rejected soon after VCAs. Treatment significantly prolonged allograft survival. Three of eight recipients in HLOMC treatment group had allografts survive long-term and developed donor-specific tolerance. Significantly higher peripheral chimerism was observed in HLOMC than other groups. It is concluded that the relative amount of AM to VBMT is a critical factor influencing long-term allograft survival. Accordingly, VBMT content compared with VCA mass may be an important consideration for VCA in humans.