Objectives: The goals of this study were to analyze the capability of brine shrimp test (BST) as a potent teratogenicity screening system on teratogenic agents (methotrexate, captopril, diclofenac, phenytoin, warfarin, and valproic acid).Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into 1 st stage nauplii, then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until 2 nd stage, 3 rd stage, and 4 th stage, and number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development were observed for each stage.Results: Hatch ability of cysts in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml were significantly different compared to control (p<0.05). Nauplii survival in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalities was found in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were expressed in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml. Significant difference in body length was presented in captopril 0.25 mg/ml, and phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml compared to control (p<0.05). Conclusion:BST can be used as an alternative method of the teratogenic screening test, although not as sensitive teratogenic tests on mammals. This screening method was not suitable for a compound which its chemical characteristic can change the tonicity of the medium.

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Objectives: The aims of this research were to analyze teratogenic properties on some selected plants which often used for woman’s health were pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pericarp, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds, liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) leaves, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) seeds, and kaempferia (Kaempferia galanga L.) rhizomes using brine shrimp teratogenic screening test (BSTST) method.Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into first stage nauplii then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until the second stage, third stage, and fourth stage and then observed number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development for each stage.Results: Hatchability of cysts in fennel seeds compared extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, coriander seeds extract 1 mg/ml, pomegranate rinds extract 6 mg/ml, and liman leaves extracts 6, 3, and 1.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). Survival nauplii in fennel seeds extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml and liman leaves extracts 6 and 3 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalities were exposed on coriander seeds extract 1 mg/ml, liman leaves extract 6 mg/ml, and pomegranate rinds extract 3 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were presented on fennel seeds extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, coriander seeds extracts 1 and 0.25 mg/ml, pomegranate rinds extracts 6, 3, and 1.5 mg/ml, and liman leaves extracts 3 and 1.5 mg/ml. Nauplii body length on plants extract showed no significantly difference compared to control.Conclusion: Based on BSTST, fennel seed and pomegranate rind extracts had no teratogenic effect, kaempferia rhizomes act as larvicide its analog in mamalia as embryo lethal, while coriander seeds and liman leaves extracts potentially had teratogenic properties.

Hyperuricemia is condition which blood uric acid levels increase, in men are greater than 7 mg/dL and in women over 6 mg/dL. In Indonesia the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 32% in people under 34 years and increases every year. Beside an emping from melinjo seed there is Indonesian meals made from mixture of seed, peel and leaves of melinjo, namely as sayur asem. Consumption a lot of emping can induced hyperuricemia. This study aims to assess the effect of melinjo leaves and peel extracts to reduce uric acid levels on melinjo seed hyperuricemia male rats model. Methods: Induction was performed by giving high purine diet, melinjo seed crude drug (emping) 4.5 g/kg bw. Ethanol extracts of melinjo leaves and melinjo peel were administered in 3 doses. Results: Ethanol leaves extract of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) 36 mg/kg bw could decrease uric acid levels up to 61.04%, while ethanol peel extract of melinjo 13 mg/kg bw can decrease uric acid levels up to 31.25%. Conclusions:  Melinjo seed crude drug (emping) could increase the bloods uric acid level in rats up to 4.65 mg/dL. Ethanol leaves and peel extracts of melinjo could decrease uric acid blood levels in hyperuricemia rats.   Keywords : Gnetum gnemon L., seed, leaves, peel, antihyperuricemia