<p>La necesidad de regular los volúmenes de agua en función de las necesidades de riego y la disponibilidad de los recursos hídricos ha provocado la construcción de un gran número de balsas de riego. El presente trabajo describe el proceso para el desarrollo de mapas de inundación en caso de rotura, los cuales son obligatorios según la normativa española. Este proceso ha sido aplicado a 14 casos de estudio reales, empleándose los modelos de cálculo FLDWAV e IBER. Los resultados han mostrado que existen diferencias al considerar las distintas formas de rotura: tubificación o sobrevertido, obligando a que ambas sean consideradas. A partir de los valores de calado y velocidad se han definido diferentes criterios de daño, que permiten una interpretación más específica de las zonas inundadas. El estudio realizado contribuye a una mejor interpretación de este tipo de situaciones, así como ayudar en la planificación y gestión de posibles emergencias.</p>

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The main objective of this research is to separate virgin polymers (PA, PC, PP, HDPE; PS, and ABS) and post-consumer plastic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW) using the sinking-flotation technique. Separation was carried out on a pilot scale in an 800-l useful volume container with 160 rpm agitation for one hour. Tap water, ethanol solutions, and sodium chloride at different concentrations were used as densification medium. Virgin polymers were separated into two groups: low-density (HDPE and PP) and high-density polymers groups (PS, ABS, PA, and PC). Polymers whose density was less than that of the medium solution floated to the surface, while those whose density was greater than those of the medium solution sank to the bottom. The experimental results showed that complete separation of HDPE from PP achieved 23% ethanol v/v, whereas high-density polymers separated up to 40% w/v sodium chloride. Polymer recovery ranged from 70 to 99.70%. In post-consumer recycled plastic waste, fractions of 29.6% polyolefins, 37.54% PS, 11% ABS, 8% PA, 12% PC PET, and PVC were obtained. Finally, cast plates were made of the post-consumer waste to properly identify the polymer type present in the separated fractions.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of guinea pig manure (CY) with Andean agricultural residues such as amaranth (AM), quinoa (QU) and wheat (TR) in batch biodigesters under mesophilic conditions (37⁰C) for 40 days. As microbial inoculum, sewage treatment sludge was used in two inoculum/substrate ratios (ISR of 1 and 2). In terms of methane production, the best results occurred in the treatments that contained AM and QU as cosubstrate and an ISR of 2. Thus, the highest methane production occurred in the CY:AM biodigesters (25:75) and CY:QU (25:75) with 341.86 mlCH 4 /g VS and 341.05 mlCH 4 /g VS, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that methane production with an ISR of 2 was more feasible for guinea pig waste, where the methane fraction of the biogas generated was in a range of 57 and 69%. The kinetics of methane production from these raw materials was studied using five kinetic models: modified Gompertz, logistic equation, transfer, cone, and Richards.The cone model was the one that best adjusted the experimental values with those observed with an r 2 of 0.999 and an RMSE of 1.16 mlCH 4 /g VS. Finally, the highest biodegradability was obtained in the CY-AM biodigesters (25:75) with 67.92%.

The objective of this research is to experimentally evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of slaughterhouse residues in the city of Guaranda with straw residues from agriculture, such as: amaranth, quinoa and wheat. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale using 311 ml biodigesters under mesophilic conditions of 37 °C. Anaerobic co-digestion resulted in methane yields of 407 ml CH4/g VS, with a methane content in the biogas of 77% for the mixture of slaughterhouse waste and quinoa (RM-QU (25:75)). The increase in inoculum in the mixtures composed of slaughterhouse residues and quinoa increased the biodegradability between 17 and 22%. However, in the mixtures of slaughterhouse waste and amaranth (RM-AM (0:100)), a further increase in inoculum decreased biodegradability by 5%. To predict and simulate methane production, 5 kinetic models were used: modified Gompertz, logistic equation, transfer, cone and Richards. The cone model was the one that best adjusted the experimental values ​​with those predicted with an R2 of 0.982 to 0.999 and RMSE of 0.61 to 6.92 ml CH4/g VS. The calculation of the theoretical yield was carried out by stoichiometry and elemental analysis of the samples. Theoretical yields ranged between 480-564 ml CH4/g VS for all mixtures of RM with agricultural residues.