Background and aims: Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein hydrolysate is a source of bioactive peptides with known health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of common bean protein hydrolysate on lipid metabolism and endothelial function in male adult BALB/c mice fed an atherogenic diet for nine weeks. Methods and results: Male adult mice were divided into three experimental groups (n Z 12) and fed with normal control diet; atherogenic diet and atherogenic diet added with bean protein hydrolysate (700 mg/kg/day) for nine weeks. Food intake, weight gain, lipid profile, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, inflammation biomarkers and endothelial function were evaluated. APH group presented reduced feed intake, weight gain, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-a, angiotensin II (94% and 79%, respectively) and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (62%). Conclusions: Protein hydrolysate showed hypocholesterolemic activity preventing inflammation and dysfunction of vascular endothelium, in addition to decreasing oxidative stress, indicating an adjuvant effect on reducing atherogenic risk.

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Objectives To evaluate the effects of whole flour and protein hydrolysate from common bean on gut health in mice fed a High-Fat Diet. Methods BALB/c adults mice (n = 48) where divided in 4 groups (n = 12 each): normal control (NC standard diet AIN-93M); High-Fat Diet (HFD) only; HFD plus bean flour (HFBF) and HFD plus bean protein hydrolysate (HFPH; 700 mg/kg of body/day). After 9 weeks, the animals were euthanized. Cecum weight was measured and cecum content was collected. Cecum content was used to analyze moisture by gravimetric method, lipids by extraction in Soxhlet apparatus, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by HPLC and DNA extraction and sequencing of the gut microbiota. Total genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples and loaded using the Illumina MiSeq platform at Argonne National Laboratory. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post-hoc of Newman-Kews. Nonparametric and independent samples were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis with a Dunn's multiple comparison test (P < 0.05). Results HFBF increased cecum weight (+69%), moisture (+104.6%) and lipids (+11.5%) in the feces compared to HFD group (P < 0.05), and the Beta diversity was different from HFD. Acetic acid concentration decreased (−37.7%) in cecal content of HFBF group compared to HFD group (P < 0.05), and propionic and butyric acids cecal concentration did not differ (P > 0.05) among experimental groups. The abundance of Bacteroidetes increased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased in the HFBF compared to control groups. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) enriched by HFBF were mainly assigned to Muribaculaceae family, which show high potential to improve gut health. The functional analysis of the microbiota shown beneficial changes in the host's genetic capacity, especially in the metabolic pathways involved with glucose metabolism. KEGG metabolic pathways involved with starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as the galactose metabolism were enriched in the HFBF group compared to the HFD group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The intake of common bean flour modulates the microbiota composition and abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, and attenuates the effects of HFD, showing potential to improve gut microbiota composition and function of mice. Funding Sources CNPq, CAPES, Fapemig and Fulbright (Brazil).

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