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<p>Structural duplex stainless steel (DSS) is being increasingly used in non-aesthetic and even non- visible structural elements in bridges to reduce the cost of in-service maintenance compared to use of carbon steel. Until recently, use of stainless steel in the built environment has been driven by architects seeking to develop aesthetically satisfying structures. There is now an emerging trend towards utilising the high corrosion resistance of DSS to reduce total life cycle costs. To validate the assumption that structural DSS are a durable solution, an in-service inspection of DSS in selected European bridges has been undertaken. This assessment has concluded that recently introduced EN 1993-1-4 Annex A 2015 is an appropriate selection tool for structural applications, although in some cases it was found to be somewhat conservative. Having confirmed DSS as a durable material, a case study of the use of DSS in the Söderström bridges in Stockholm is presented. To reduce life cycle costs, this project makes extensive non-visible use of a new DSS grade, EN 1.4662.</p>

For the determination of individual errors, methods have been developed which, when applied to a particular kind of mild steel under the usual working conditions, show that at 1300° only about 86% of the total sulphur is liberated as sulphur dioxide. Of the other 14%, the residue retains about 6% and the rest is converted into sulphur trioxide, 3% being absorbed with the sulphur dioxide, 1% escaping absorption, and 4% remaining in the apparatus by condensation. Modifications are suggested by which the total yield could be raised to 92–93%.