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The main stainless steel grades used for water applications are 1.4307 and 1.4404. The grade selection depends on the conditions: 1.4404 is a more conservative choice and has an improved corrosion resistance over 1.4307. This paper addresses the concept of defining limiting conditions for pitting corrosion of 1.4404 in terms of the environmental parameters such as temperature, potential and chloride concentration. Extensive testing has been done with a combination of short-term electrochemical measurements and long-term chlorination experiments. Results are discussed in the light of the current understanding of the critical levels of key parameters for pitting corrosion.

<p>This paper aims to provide guidance, experience and inspiration for engineers using stainless steel as a structural material in helping preserve existing heritage and in creating new iconic structures. Grades such as 316L/1.4404 are well known as building façade materials, but in most structural uses such as in bridges, high strength duplex stainless steel (DSS) grades are most often used. The paper describes how both types of stainless steel are helping to preserve existing structures. The use of stainless steels in non-visible long-life structural components is contrasted with the additional demands of long-term appearance in highly visible iconic structures. Results of a field test of the durability of different surface finishes of DSS in a coastal environment show that smoother finishes retain a better appearance. This can help refine the material selection guidance in Eurocode EN 1993-1-4 Annex A. Several examples of pedestrian bridges and large cultural works in which artist or architect and structural engineer combine their talents are discussed.</p>

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