T here has been increasing interest in recent years in the possibility of fundamental changes in the political system, with the emergence of new social groups, new interests and new values which cut across traditional class-based alignments and cleavages. Moreover, in recent decades, there has been a marked increase in direct action, and the growth of outsider politics, a decline in partisan support for die traditional parties, and other indications of a loss of legitimacy.' Such indications of strain and stress take on a special significance with the possibility that industrial societies, which have relied so heavily on policies of sustained and rapid economic growth for maintaining a broad spearum of consensus and support, may be facing special challenges with intransigent problems of unemployment and inflation, exacerbated by increasing shortages of materials and energy.T he environmentalist movement provides an important case study and focus for exploring such issues. In the last decade the awareness of environmental problems has not only increased dramatically, but has taken on a new political significance. Environmentalist groups have been at the centre of protest, locally and nationally, against motorways, airports and dams, and have vigorously opposed the nuclear programme in a number of countries. And in the last few years, newly formed 'ecology parties' have captured a sizeable proportion of the votes at elections. The significance of the environment has shifted from a preoccupation with the preservation of the countryside, historic buildings and local amenities, to become the focus for radical protest. Above all, environmentalists have challenged the central values and ideology of industrial society. It is with this dimension of the environmentalist movement that this analysis is concerned. Is environmental protest indicative of a fundamental 333Stephen Cot grove and Andrew Duff change in social values, and if so, what strains and problems will this generate for the political system? What are the sources of support? Is there a potentially larger political constituency?In order to clarify the analysis, it is necessary first to emphasise the heterogeneous character of those who come under the broad umbrella of environmentalists,' On the one hand there are those who are mainly interested in protecting wildlife, preserving the countryside, and our national heritage of buildings. They wish simply to give a higher priority to the protection of the environment. But at the other extreme there are those who argue that the problem requires more than simply a shift in priorities, and that fundamental changes are essential if we are to survive growing threats to the environment and the exhaustion of materials which result from a high-growth, energy-consuming and environmentally-damaging way of life. It is environmentalists in this 'strong^ sense, and who have joined associations which promote such policies, who are the object of this analysis. Environmental Awareness and BeliefsThe most plausible explanation for e...

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<div><div><div><p>Using a comprehensive set of recently published experimental results for training and validation, we have developed computational models appropriate for simulations of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl ethers, an important class of micelle- forming nonionic surfactants, usually denoted CnEm. These models are suitable for use in simulations that employ a moderate amount of coarse graining and especially for dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), which we adopt in this work.</p><p><br></p><p>The experimental data used for training and validation were reported earlier and produced in our laboratory using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements per- formed on twelve members of the CnEm compound family yielding micelle size dis- tribution functions and mass weighted mean aggregation numbers at each of several surfactant concentrations. The range of compounds and quality of the experimental results were designed to support the development of computational models. An es- sential feature of this work is that all simulation results were analysed in a way that is consistent with the experimental data. Proper account is taken of the fact that a broad distribution of micelle sizes exists, so mass weighted averages (rather than num- ber weighted averages) over this distribution are required for the proper comparison of simulation and experimental results.</p><p><br></p><p>The resulting DPD force field reproduces several important trends seen in the exper- imental critical micelle concentrations and mass averaged mean aggregation numbers with respect to surfactant characteristics and concentration. We feel it can be used to investigate a number of open questions regarding micelle sizes and shapes and their dependence on surfactant concentration for this important class of nonionic surfactants.</p></div></div></div>

This paper reports the results of a questionnaire survey of students at Bath University. Those doing social science were more anti-industrial in their social values than students of management, engineering and economics. Social science students tended to prefer non-industrial jobs congruent with their values. Antiindustrial values were highly correlated with career choice after controlling for degree course. It was concluded that choice of course and career choice may be explained as part of the process of political socialization and hence rooted in experiences in early adolescence. 97 0305-8 107/82/020097-11$02.00/0 0 1982 The British Psychological Society SCHWARZWELLER, H. K. ( I 959). Value orientations in educational and occupational choices. Rural Journal ofsocial Psychology, 17, 17-24. Psychology, 27,338-349. Psychology, 48.50-58. women. Higher Education, 4,357-368. Suppkment, I3 June, 12. SociologicalReview, 28,333-35 I . S~~i o l~g y , 32,92-I 10. 23,58-59. 360-362. Education. Cmnd 3541. London: HMSO. academic achievement. Journal qfAhnorrnal and Social Psychology, 35,226-245. 238-244.P~y~h~l o~y , 29,95-102. The Analysis ofsurvey Data, vol. I : Exploring Data Structures. Chichester: Wiley. Psychology, 1,190-192. . b r [he Social Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill. Occupational Psychology, 39.2 15-2 19. University of Illinois Press. ofMedical Education, 4,9-I 2. 9,169-178. Sociology, 24,246-256. Perspective. London: Edward Arnold. 3760. London: HMSO. students. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52,4 1-52. thesis, University ofchicago. 163-1 72. 33,405-408.

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