This research investigates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in European countries over the period 2008-2020. The variables used to measure the financial inclusion in this study are number of automated teller machines, number of commercial bank branches, population, carbon dioxide emissions, and mobile cellular subscriptions as we explore their effect on GDP growth. Findings revealed that in the short run, number of ATMs have a positive insignificant impact on economic growth while number of commercial banks and mobile cellular subscriptions have a positive insignificant impact on economic growth. Also, CO2 emissions have positive significant impact on economic growth. However, in the long run, number of ATMs, number of commercial banks and mobile cellular subscriptions have positive significant impact on GDP growth. Meanwhile, CO2 emissions have a negative significant impact on GDP growth in the six selected European countries.

This paper provides a market analysis which represents a diagnostic procedure for determining the core causes of market behaviour from an economic standpoint. This paper reflects on the role of the automobile industry which has a substantial impact on a country’s growth since it contributes to high levels of employment, consumption, and investment. The goal of this study is threefold: first, use the demand and supply framework to explore the impact of the factors that drive those interactions and forecast future results for the S-class. Second, apply SWOT, PESTLE, and Porter’s model analysis to analyze the product line during the period from 2010 to 2020. Third, assess Mercedes-environment Benz to meet the company’s present and future objectives. Results show no violations of demand and supply laws for the S-class product in the United States, and it is a price-sensitive product, according to the findings. Fluctuations in the elasticities of demand and supply were observed due to the changes in the consumers’ willingness to buy the S-class and the changes in the market conditions which affected the supply over the decade of study. Results show Mercedes’ market opportunities is in a risky situation as the delay in the supply chain reflects negatively and give opportunities to other substitutes in the different market across the globe.

STT-RAM technology is becoming a popular alternative to both SRAM and DRAM. Several studies have proposed to use hybrid or pure STT-RAM architectures as on-chip caches as well as main memory. The main bulk of research targets improving the power consumption of this new memory technology especially due to the power hungry writes. In this paper we present a method to improve the power consumption of STT-RAM when used as a main memory. Our method introduces a novel page replacement policy that can reduce the number of bit write operations and consequently reduce the overall power consumption. This is done by using a simple hashing algorithm to select the target page with the nearest distance. We use a modified 2.6.32.65 Linux kernel, Gem5 full system simulator and a modified NVMain main memory simulator to evaluate the proposed method. Our implementation was able to achieve up to 54% reduction in power consumption compared to STT-RAM implementations of main memory, and 51% power reduction compared to conventional DRAM implementations.