Civic leaders and urban governments have tried to control adult entertainment activities with a variety of 'command-and-control' techniques, including vice laws, licensing, zoning and land use planning powers. However, despite persistent efforts, they have failed to eliminate such activities. Recently, civic authorities appear to have had some success in closing down or down-sizing adult entertainment districts in many cities, but this success is more apparent than real. Rather than attempting to legislate such activities out of existence, planners and law-makers might consider what factors draw 'vice' to certain areas and try to change those underlying conditions. Adult activities are suburbanising, and face growing competition from the Internet and other on-line services. This trend has been hastened by recent population growth in many cities, leading to increased rents and the expansion of residential and office districts into areas in which adult uses were concentrated. Adult entertainment districts are a retail service cluster, akin to antiques districts or other specialist districts. In addition, in recent years, adult entertainment has been redefined as a range of activities have become legitimate and the number of adult outlets has actually increased.

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We developed two virtual reality demonstrations for electromagnetism. For statics, we use spherical building blocks and superposition to calculate the electric field of a user-generated configuration of charge. The electric field information is displayed on a three-dimensional grid using vector arrows. A second demonstration displays field information for electromagnetic fields generated by a particle moving along a user-generated path (at arbitrary speed). We used the Unity game creation engine to efficiently develop the demonstrations, and tested them on an HTC Vive VR headset with handheld controllers.