The authors developed the MatLab program for modelling the observation of an object and a background of different chromaticity at the constant luminance and obtained the uniform-chromaticity curves with shape close to elliptical. The results of colour thresholds calculations are compared with MacAdam ellipses and an explanation is given for their differences. Based on the statistical model of threshold colour vision, the authors derived expressions for the physiological uniform colour space.

Relying on the statistical theory of the human threshold colour vision, the authors have developed the method how to determine the colour-matching functions of the physiological colorimetric system (KZS)phys1. To implement the developed method, the authors have created the experimental research installation that allows them to determine the threshold characteristics of the visual system during the observation of monochromatic objects against coloured backgrounds. The authors have studied the inaccuracies of the experimental installation and of the algorithm for solving a system of nonlinear equations that allows them to determine the colour-matching functions of the physiological colorimetric system according to the results of the experiment.

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The authors experimentally defined the dependences of chromaticity thresholds between an object and a background for 10 trichromatic observers. The experiments included observation of monochromatic objects with dimension of (2?2) angular degree against a white background. Based on the statistical theory of human threshold colour vision, it was proved that in the XYZ colorimetric system, the value of Y coordinate of the primary colour Mphys is positive and lies along the y=1x line. This fact allowed to define all the characteristics of a trichromatic physiological system (LMS)phys necessary for chromatic calculations.