Results of the first photobiological studies of optimisation of LED phyto irradiators spectrum and irradiance level, when growing salad­greengrocers plants in greenhouses and plant factories in photoculture conditions, are presented in the article. The results are given as a series of producing capacity curves for salad and basil plants when irradiating by quasi­monochromatic spectrum for three PAR ranges: blue, green and red. In the experiment, levels of photosynthetic photon irradiance (70 ? 230) µmol/s·m2 and of irradiance (13 ? 60) W/m2 were varied within a wide range. “Rough” spectra of optical radiation action estimated over producing capacity of plants with different irradiance levels are given, and questions of additivity of different spectral radiation influence in forming vegetable biomass are considered. Evaluations of efficiency of various PAR intervals for synthesis of biochemical combinations determining nutrition facts of the studied cultures are performed.

The results of the ending phase of photo biological studies of capacity of lettuce and basil grown in conditions of a phytotron with irradiation by radiation of different ratio of fractions in the red-blue and blue-green-red regions of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) are presented. The spectral variants of PAR providing the maximum or near to maximum capacity of the specified cultures are found. The complex and multiple-valued nature of effect of main PAR spectral regions on photo energetic and photo regulatory processes in plants providing their capacity is highlighted, which makes it impossible to determine common unified requirements to optimal parameters of artificial irradiation for growing of plants. These requirements shall be defined on the basis of direct photo biological experiments with main species of agricultural plants and be the most important element of the general photo culture macro technology. The general principles of fulfilment of the specified requirements to PAR spectra of phytoemitters are reviewed, including with consideration of setting of normal vision conditions for personnel of greenhouses and other protected ground structures.

The article describes standards for industrial greenhouses irradiators (GOST R57671–2017), methods for measuring PAR region irradiance in overhead and rack-type installations (preliminary standard 211–2017), methods for measuring illuminance (FR.1.37.2017.27376) and photosynthetic irradiance (FR.1.37.2017.27375), photosynthetic photon flux (FR.1.37.2017.27374) and other lighting characteristics, energy efficiency factor calculations for LED installations in greenhouses (FR.1.37.2017.27373), which have been developed at VNISI and are unique in world practice.

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The article contains the results of analysis of answers of 90 museums of the Russian Federation to questions regarding lighting of these museums as well as the results of inspection and measurement of lighting parameters (average exhibit illuminance, correlated colour temperature, colour rendering index, and luminance distribution) conducted in 7 museums and 1 conservation centre. It is found that museum lighting in the Russian Federation generally complies with the applicable requirements and recommendations and requires fundamental changes only in few cases. Many museums already use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources and are ready to cross over to LED lighting completely. In the meantime, museums (primarily small ones) consider lack of regulations in the sphere of museum lighting one of the major problems.