Кипение теплоносителей в тепловых трубах (ТТ) -весьма сложный процесс. Попытаемся обоб-щить состояние этой проблемы и дадим основу для инженерных расчетов при проектировании высоко-эффективных ТТ, применяемых в системах терморе-гулирования и теплообменных аппаратов.

Abstract. Thermotechnical characteristics of heat pipes are considered as high-efficient heat-transfer devices, which can provide energy-saving technologies for heat supply and ventilating systems and for different branches of industry. Thermotechnical and working ("performance capability") characteristics of heat pipes are investigated. By "performance capability" of heat pipes and heat-transfer devices on heat pipes we mean the system state, where it can perform set functions and keep parameter values (thermal power, conductivity, thermal resistance, heat-transfer coefficient, temperature level and differential, etc.) within the regulations of standardized specifications. The article presents theoretical and experimental methods of «gaslock» length determination on noncondensable gases during long-lasting tests of ammonia heat pipes made of aluminum shape АS -КRА 7.5 -R1 (alloy АD -31). The paper gives results of research of thermotechnical characteristics of heat pipes in horizontal and vertical states (separate and as a set part) while using different systems of thermal insulation. The obtained results of thermotechnical and resource tests show the advantages of ammonia heat pipes as basic elements for heat exchanger design in heating and ventilation systems.

Speeds of free emersion of bubbles (the viscous mode of emersion) are investigated, at emersion of bubbles as quasifi rm sphere under Stokess law. Emersion speeds at deformations of bubbles from spherical to griboobrazny are considered; at the square law of resistance of emersion of large bubbles, at the slow expiration of gas in the landlocked volume of liquid from an opening. Infl uence of geometry of channels on the speed of emersion of bubbles is analyzed. For processing of experimental data semi-empirical methods of the theory of similarity are used.

Abstract. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of heat pipes and their thermo-technical characteristics (heat power, conductivity, heat transfer resistance, heat-transfer coefficient, temperature level and differential, etc.). The theoretical foundations and the experimental methods of the research of ammonia heat pipes made of aluminum section АS -КRА 7.5 -R1 (made of the alloy AD -31) are explained. The paper includes the analysis of the thermo-technical characteristics of heat pipes as promising highly efficient heat transfer devices, which may be used as the basic elements of heat exchangers -heat recuperators for exhaust ventilation air, capable of providing energy-saving technologies in ventilation systems for housing and public utilities and for various branches of industry. The thermo-technical characteristics of heat pipes (HP) as the basic elements of a decentralized supply-extract ventilation system (DSEVS) and energy-saving technologies are analyzed. As shown in the test report of the ammonia horizontal HP made of the section АS-КRА 7,5-R1-120, this pipe ensures safe operation under various loads.

One of the urgent problems of modern housing construction is the saving of fuel and energy resources. Its solution is impossible without improving and developing new energy-saving technological processes and development. Such equipment is heat exchangers based on heat pipes for the utilization of low-potential waste heat of municipal utilities or decentralized supply and exhaust ventilation systems. This paper describes results of the research and development of scientific and technical basis for designing, manufacturing technology and tests of the new high-tech commercial products: heat pipes based on two-phase working coolants of high purity with drop shaped flocculate core, heat-conducting aluminum and aluminum-copper radiator, computer ventilators as basic elements of the energy-saving decentralized supply and exhaust ventilation system (DSEVS) with optimal design and performance characteristics.