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Abstract. Thermotechnical characteristics of heat pipes are considered as high-efficient heat-transfer devices, which can provide energy-saving technologies for heat supply and ventilating systems and for different branches of industry. Thermotechnical and working ("performance capability") characteristics of heat pipes are investigated. By "performance capability" of heat pipes and heat-transfer devices on heat pipes we mean the system state, where it can perform set functions and keep parameter values (thermal power, conductivity, thermal resistance, heat-transfer coefficient, temperature level and differential, etc.) within the regulations of standardized specifications. The article presents theoretical and experimental methods of «gaslock» length determination on noncondensable gases during long-lasting tests of ammonia heat pipes made of aluminum shape АS -КRА 7.5 -R1 (alloy АD -31). The paper gives results of research of thermotechnical characteristics of heat pipes in horizontal and vertical states (separate and as a set part) while using different systems of thermal insulation. The obtained results of thermotechnical and resource tests show the advantages of ammonia heat pipes as basic elements for heat exchanger design in heating and ventilation systems.

Introduction. Neutralization methods (including composting) are widely used in the technologies of chemical and biothermal oxidation of organic matter. A promising method of waste management is their biothermal composting using controlled gas flows. The methods of process intensification are described: the introduction of inoculating additives, increasing the homogeneity of the mixture, recycling of composts, natural and forced low-pressure and high-pressure aeration, and several others. One example of the implementation of these technologies is the disposal of oil-contaminated soils. Materials and methods. The description of the implemented complexes of biothermal composting of oil-contaminated soils: functional zoning, design solutions. The main functional zones are shown: input control section, intermediate placement area, continuous forced aeration zone (inoculation), periodic forced aeration zone (stacked cavalier biodegradation), and natural aeration zone without mixing (ripening zone). The main element of the complex is the combined aeration system (forced from blower devices and natural mechanical mixing). The expediency of using high-pressure forced aeration to intensify the composting process is shown. Results. The developed mode of operation of the aeration system of the composted mass is described: the initial process of incomplete oxidation of organic matter in stacks of inoculation with a constant air flow and the final decomposition of organic matter with a periodic air flow. The constructive design of the high-pressure forced aeration system used to intensify the composting process is given. Aerobic biothermal composting is performed in aerated piles, which are formed on sites with a waterproof coating. Aeration, necessary to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in the composts, is carried out in natural (mixing with a ladle) and artificial (purging) conditions. For purging use a system of perforated pipes and blower station. Describes measures to protect pipelines (ducts) from aggressive environmental exposure and increase their service life, to ensure the efficiency of the aeration system in an emergency. Conclusions. The possibility of practical implementation of gas flow control technology in the design, construction and operation of biothermal treatment of waste is shown. The implementation of the projects described in the article showed the need to create a generalized mathematical model that would describe in general terms the behavior of gas flows in heterophase wastes.

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