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A porcine model of spinal cord injury (SCI) was used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of magnesium chloride (MgCl) within a polyethylene glycol (PEG) formulation, called "AC105" (Acorda Therapeutics Inc., Ardsley, NY). Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that AC105 would lead to greater tissue sparing at the injury site and improved behavioral outcome when delivered in a clinically realistic time window post-injury. Four hours after contusion/compression injury, Yucatan minipigs were randomized to receive a 30-min intravenous infusion of AC105, magnesium sulfate (MgSO), or saline. Animals received 4 additional infusions of the same dose at 6-h intervals. Behavioral recovery was tested for 12 weeks using two-dimensional (2D) kinematics during weight-supported treadmill walking and the Porcine Injury Behavior Scale (PTIBS), a 10-point locomotion scale. Spinal cords were evaluated ex vivo by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subjected to histological analysis. Treatment with AC105 or MgSO did not result in improvements in locomotor recovery on the PTIBS or in 2D kinematics on weight-supported treadmill walking. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) showed severe loss of tissue integrity at the impact site, with decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity; this was not improved with AC105 or MgSO treatment. Histological analysis revealed no significant increase in gray or white matter sparing with AC105 or MgSO treatment. Finally, AC105 did not result in higher Mg levels in CSF than with the use of standard MgSO. In summary, when testing AC105 in a porcine model of SCI, we were unable to reproduce the promising therapeutic benefits observed previously in less-severe rodent models of SCI.

The article is devoted to the study of the process of cultural interaction between paganism and Christianity as semiotic systems in the first centuries after the Baptism of Rus. The authors studied the originality of ancient Russian paganism, the problem of adapting Christian discourse to the situation of the significant presence of a pagan worldview in the semantic space of Ancient Russia, the dialogue and mutual influence of these two religious systems. The article traces the internal inconsistency of the process of adopting Christianity and its variability in social and territorial dimensions.

Introduction. The sociopolitical commotions of 1917 caused the rise of national liberation ideas in the North Caucasus. These ideas attracted representatives of various social groups of the indigenous population of the Nalchik district to the revolution. But the national question was intertwined with the task of seizing power and the economic interests of individual circles, which formed four options for solving the national question. It is necessary to pay attention to them and highlight the perspective of the picture of the events of the Civil War. Analysis. The article presents an analysis of the main variants of national ideas through the characteristics of the main characters of the dramatic period in Kabarda and Balkaria. This is, firstly, Shakmanov’s policy of national neutrality, aimed at preventing armed uprisings and civilian casualties. Secondly, this is the program of Dautokov-Serebryakov, which offered complete self-determination of Kabarda, but could not stand the collaboration with Denikin’s idea of a “great and indivisible Russia”. The third position, presented by Katkhanov, combined the national liberation aspirations of the people with religious consciousness. The fourth was manifested in the rhetoric of Kalmykov, who interpreted the early Bolshevik documents on the right of nations to self-determination in the context of a federation. Results. The complex of methods of objective historical analysis gives an understanding of some of the reasons that attracted various social groups, predominantly the agrarian population of Kabarda and Balkaria, to participate in the Civil War. Authors’ contribution. Development of the concept of the article, analysis of the results and general editing belongs to M.A. Tekueva. The introductory section was written by M.Kh. Gugova. The analysis of the idea of national independence during the Civil War in the Nalchik region was carried out by A.A. Konovalov.

This article focuses on analyzing the inner world of the characters in I. Bunin's "Dark Avenues" and L. Rzhevsky's "The Sunflower in Revolt". These works reveal the traditions of Russian realist writers and innovations that characterized the artistic quest of the creative community at the turn of the centuries and in the first third of the 20th century. The plot and composition of the works by I. Bunin and L. Rzhevsky, their creative dialogue allow tracing the classic Russian literary tradition and the continuity in creative contacts between the writers. A vivid perception of time gave rise to numerous associations, especially in the theme of love, philosophical conceptualization of man and time, and achieving happiness through trials.