In modern medicine, biotechnological products and systems are used and widely studied, in which various elements and parts interact with biological fluids, soft and hard muscle tissues. This mainly concerns products used in cardiovascular surgery, orthopaedic surgery, dentistry and reconstructive surgery, as well as in ophthalmology. The article studies scientific approaches to the creation of biocompatible implant materials, considers their types, defines the basic requirements for biocompatible materials.

Objectives. A clinical case of surgical rehabilitation of a patient with palatopharyngeal insufficiency with congenital cleft palate after uranoplasty. Purpose. Description of the long-term result of surgical treatment of congenital cleft palate, the causes of complications and the rationale for the method of treatment of palatopharyngeal insufficiency. Methodology. The paper presents the results of a clinical observation of a patient aged 12 years with congenital cleft palate after uranoplasty and formed palatopharyngeal insufficiency. A child at the age of 2 years 8 months underwent sparing uranoplasty. Since the child lived in a remote area from the city, he did not have the opportunity to engage in logotherapy. On examination, the soft palate is moderately shortened, postoperative scars are not rough. Speech is vile. To select the most optimal method of treating this pathology, it was necessary to visualize the causes of palato-pharyngeal insufficiency. Results. When conducting an examination using nasopharyngoscopy, a sphincter type of closure of the palatopharyngeal ring was revealed. When pronouncing sounds, the soft palate rose slightly, but the lateral walls of the pharynx with the posterior palatine arches actively contracted, narrowing the palatopharyngeal ring. Taking into account the data obtained during nasopharyngoscopy, a surgical method for eliminating palatopharyngeal insufficiency proposed by M. Orticochea was chosen — “speech-improving surgery”, or sphincter pharyngoplasty, with suturing of the distal ends of the mobilized posterior palatine arches on the posterior pharyngeal wall. According to the control examination for 6 months, there was a significant improvement in speech function, there was no nasalization. Conclusions. Nasopharyngoendoscopy makes it possible to objectively assess the causes of palatopharyngeal insufficiency, which makes it possible to choose the most optimal method of surgical treatment. One of the methods of choice in the surgical treatment of palatopharyngeal insufficiency is the method of sphincter pharyngoplasty.

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Voltage and reactive power mode control is performed by dispatcher for the purpose of ensuring required reserves on steady state stability and load stability as well as permissible voltage operating conditions of electric grid equipment. The decision made by dispatcher engaged in controlling reactive power and voltage modes is founded on instructional materials developed in advance for each voltage control station (CS) with focus on data about typical modes of power system or energy area operation. The actual efficiency of reactive power compensation facilities depends on many factors (the composition and operation of grid elements, the composition and operation of generating equipment, etc.). To make final and balanced decision, in some cases, it is necessary to perform some estimation calculations, which take more time for decision making. To minimize and reduce the time required by dispatcher for their decision making and improve its accuracy when involved in voltage and reactive power mode control, it is reasonable to develop software able to determine the efficiency of reactive power compensation facilities in real time.

The paper describes the indications for the use of buccinator flaps, the surgical technique, the postoperative period of patient management, the effectiveness of the secondary surgical procedure in cleft palate patients.