Aim. To search for genetic markers of oral lichen planus development and recurrence risk based on the study of polymorphic variants of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα rs1800630, rs1800629, rs361525) and interleukin-18 (IL-18 rs187238) genes in patients from the Volga-Ural region of Russia.Methods. Standard methods of molecular genetic analysis were used in the study. Deoxyribonucleic acid was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes by deproteinization with phenol and chloroform. Genotyping of studied polymorphic loci was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan-competing probes. In order to identify the association of polymorphic loci in different models (additive, dominant, recessive, overdominant) the method of logistic regression was used.Results.. Statistical analysis using logistic regression revealed that polymorphic locus rs187238 in IL-18 gene is associated with the risk of lichen planus development in a recessive model (p=0.042). In addition, the association of a polymorphic locus rs187238 in IL-18 gene with the recurrence risk was described: rs187238*C/C genotype is a genetic marker of increased risk of oral lichen planus recurrence (p=0.01). Analysis of the association of polymorphic loci rs1800630, rs1800629, rs361525 in tumor necrosis factor α gene with the disease severity and the recurrence risk did not reveal any statistically significant results.Conclusion. The study results confirm the cytokine genes contribution to the oral lichen planus development and disease reccurrence.

To reveal the association of the interleukin 8 (IL-8) gene with the development and progression of oral lichen planus (OLP) we performed RT-PCR analysis of rs4073 polymorphism in the IL-8 gene in 92 oral lichen planus patients and 163 healthy individuals of Russian ethnic origin from the Volga-Ural region of Russia. The investigation showed the importance of polymorphism rs4073 of IL-8 gene for oral lichen planus development. The disease was associated with genotype rs4073*T / T which was found to be the genetic marker of high risk for oral lichen planus development, and rs4073*A / T genotype — the genetic marker of low risk for erosive-ulcerous oral lichen planus form development (p=0.016, OR=0.40) and the disease recurrence (p=0.02, OR=0.33). The results obtained in the investigation make a significant contribution to understanding the structure of hereditary predisposition to oral lichen planus development.

Relevance. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most complex metabolic chronic diseases. Severe forms of type I diabetes mellitus are more common in children and adolescents, and its prevalence is increasing in many countries. Type I diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents remains an essential health issue in many countries despite the achieved scientific and practical results and progress in diabetology. Therefore, its early detection in children is still relevant and is associated with the early diagnosis of endocrinolog ical pathologies.Materials and methods. The study searched the publications in PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), Medline (www.elibrary.ru, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) by the specific keywords.Results. In children with diabetes mellitus, vascular changes in periodontal tissues appear earlier than in other organs. On oral examination of children with diabetes mellitus, 50% of cases reveal periodontal lesions, and the lesions are often in the areas of the lower molars. If not treated, the following perio-dontitis signs are present in diabetic children: bleeding of the gingival papillae and the bright red colour of the gingival margin. There may be bulging of granulations from pathological gingival pockets. In most patients with type I diabetes mellitus, cytology of the periodontal pockets and gingival sulci demonstrated inflammatory cytologic responses, changes in the stratified squamous epithelium, and mixed bacterial microflora with leukocytes and erythrocytes.Conclusion. The study of type I diabetes mellitus impact on pathological changes in the oral cavity of children and the development of therapeutic and preventive measures is a relevant issue in pediatric dentistry, which justifies the need to continue research in this area.

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