Purpose: The purpose of the study is to substantiate the problems and prospects of Ukraine's achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the condition of developing the economic security of the agricultural sector. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition of the economic phenomena, the position of economic theory as to the economic security, the analysis and synthesis for determining the dynamics of individual indicators of the status of completed tasks. The study period is 2010-2018. Findings: The main recommendations for further development of the economic security of the agricultural sector are to increase the level of investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector, to stimulate the creation of small farms, the technical modernization of the agricultural production, to promote increased value-added food exports, to create a clear mechanism of regulation of the market of organic products and raw materials with a proper system of certification ensuring the stability, predictability and transparency of the state support system for the agricultural sector. Practical Implications: The results of the study may be useful for developing a further strategy for the economic security of Ukraine's agricultural sector, taking into account the implementation of the Global Sustainable Development Goals. Originality/Value: Achieving the sustainable development is a top priority for most countries of the world. Ukraine has the relevant goals, in this direction the achievement of which is impossible without a reliable foundation, that in modern conditions should be the agricultural sector of the economy.