A common feature of the significant squares in historical cities is the contradiction between the problems of protection and functioning. A striking example of such a contradiction is the Rynok Square in Lviv - public space, which since its appearance in the 14th century, has always been a communicative hub for citizens and guests of the city. In 1998, the central part of Lviv was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, and only 15 years later, the entrance of private vehicles to the Rynok Square was restricted, making the central square again a public space. Since then, there is no data on the use of square as a public space. Qualitative changes in the functioning of the city square are visible to the naked eye, but it is difficult to assess the scale and vector of these changes without a detailed study. For a comprehensive understanding of the Rynok Square public space functioning and the level of its socialization, we have developed a methodology for evaluating the quantitative characteristics of the social and cultural aspects of the urban environment. From October to December 2018, a pilot study of the interaction of people with institutions and spaces of the Rynok Square was conducted. The survey data gives us an understanding of the current state of using the Rynok Square as a public space, so it might be a good basis for further sociological and economic research. This will allow us to more detailed study to the issues of organizing new public, cultural or service establishments, and the creation of potential spaces for communication. Due to this data, we can speak about behavioral tendencies of residents and visitors of the historical city, which will allow to qualitatively improve the spaces for their future use.
The article deals with the methods of using and improving the work of the simulation modelling method in architectural design. As a result, the authors have tried to optimize their work with criteria such as energy demand, environmental impact, geometry, and materials. The rational use algorithm of these software products in the integrated design of energy efficiency improvement of buildings, complexes and urban structures have been proposed
Характерною особливістю площ в історичних містах є протиріччя між проблемами охорони та функціонування. Яскравим прикладом такого протиріччя є площа Ринокгромадський простір, який від часу своєї появи у ХІV ст. завжди був комунікативним хабом для містян та гостей міста. Для комплексного розуміння особливостей функціонування громадського простору площі Ринок та рівня його соціалізації розроблено методику оцінювання кількісних характеристик соціального та культурного аспектів міського середовища. Дані, які були отримані в процесі обстеження, є підґрунтям для подальших соціологічних чи економічних досліджень, адже дають розуміння актуального стану використання площі Ринок, як громадського простору. Ця основа дозволить ґрунтовніше підходити до питань організації нових закладів громадського, культурного чи сервісного обслуговування населення, та облаштування додаткових просторів комунікації між людьми. Завдяки отриманим нами даним, можна говорити про поведінкові тенденції мешканців та гостей міста, що дозволить якісно покращити простір для їхнього майбутнього використання. Ключові слова: спадщина ЮНЕСКО, центральні площі Європи, Львів, площа Ринок, громадський простір, історичні міста, пішохідна зона, громадська функція, взаємодія користувачів. Постановка проблеми Центральні ринкові площі-це характерна ознака багатьох міст Центрально-Східної Європи. Історично сформувалось так, що наявність ринкової площі, була ознакою міського статусу території. Вони закладались як досконалі за геометричною формою просторові осередки життя містян, та завдяки центральному розташуванню, економічному та культурному значенню, були ядром міста, від якого розплановувалась вулична мережа. Мета статті Визначення особливостей функціонування громадського простору центральної площі історичного міста, на прикладі площі Ринок у Львові. Основою для цієї статті є проведене в жовтнілистопаді 2018 року польове дослідження, щодо аналізу геометричних характеристик та використання площі як публічного простору.
The Derzhprom building was the first office building built in the Constructivist style. In addition, Derzhprom is endowed with unique architectural properties, which in many ways influenced the image of Soviet modernist architecture. Moreover, considering the number of workers on the construction site, which was more than 5,000, the entire enterprises created for the construction of Derzhprom, its role in the development of the region is also difficult to overestimate. A whole series of adopted scaling decisions, on the one hand, create a coherent composition of Derzhprom itself and emphasize the building as the central element in Freedom Square, and it treats the buildings around them tolerantly, despite all the “otherness” of the architectural language, on the other. The building has undergone several internal and external transformations, and even changed its silhouette, by adding new elements. Despite this, Derzhprom is still arguably the most significant architectural object in the identity and cultural heritage of the city for the vast majority of Kharkiv residents. The Derzhprom building was the first office building built in the Constructivist style. In addition, Derzhprom is endowed with unique architectural properties, which in many ways influenced the image of Soviet modernist architecture. Moreover, considering the number of workers on the construction site, which was more than 5,000, the entire enterprises created for the construction of Derzhprom, its role in the development of the region is also difficult to overestimate. A whole series of adopted scaling decisions, on the one hand, create a coherent composition of Derzhprom itself and emphasize the building as the central element in Freedom Square, and it treats the buildings around them tolerantly, despite all the “otherness” of the architectural language, on the other. The building has undergone several internal and external transformations, and even changed its silhouette, by adding new elements. Despite this, Derzhprom is still arguably the most significant architectural object in the identity and cultural heritage of the city for the vast majority of Kharkiv residents.
The paper focuses on the author's method of assessing pedestrian and transport mobility of residents of modern multi-storey buildings and complexes. The study of transport routes in cities is the subject matter of entire scientific and design institutes, therefore, the method has been designed to make architects, researchers, developers and urban planners aware of a housing unit in terms of its accessibility, as well as to assess its impact on the city.
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