The article deals with the methods of using and improving the work of the simulation modelling method in architectural design. As a result, the authors have tried to optimize their work with criteria such as energy demand, environmental impact, geometry, and materials. The rational use algorithm of these software products in the integrated design of energy efficiency improvement of buildings, complexes and urban structures have been proposed

Trends in the development of public buildings’ architecture and complexes in the near future are determined, among other, by a demographic factor.It is suggested to conduct the analysis of the demographic situation on three levels: the macro level (global processes); the meso level (state) the micro level (region, city, village, etc.). The following indicators are determined at each level: the existing population; sections of age and gender groups; the proportion of rural and urban population. Which have been studied in the dynamics.Public buildings are most sensitive to demographic shifts. Thus, changes in public buildings’ structure would consist in: the growing role in the context of rapid urbanization; redistribution, development and appearance of their new types in accordance with the needs of a progressive cell (gerontological, educational, palliative, etc.) the predominance of modernization, expansion and renovation to new construction; providing polyfunctionality; maximum use of innovative arrangements and techniques.Presented analysis formed the basis for improving the energy efficiency of public buildings and complexes.

The issue of impulse development of cities caused by different infrastructural factors is considered. It has been determined that rapid development of urban planning structure which occurred over a short period of time can be viewed as an effective urban planning impulse, with the exception of the following conditions, when they: a) did not lead to sustainable results, b) did not solve the basic problems of life support; c) originated from the modernist legacy of total urban planning, which considered the possibility of creating a large urban structure from scratch, based on a one-time master plan). According to the history of their development, urban structures fall into two major categories: evolutionary and impulse-based. Evolutionary category includes the cities which have developed gradually, without any significant spurts from the original core, through the long-term accumulation of complications. While the cities, which fall into the impulse-based category are characterized by a stage of sharp acceleration of development or a kind of a growth spurt, followed by either stabilization or a relative slowdown. Given the task set in this study, this category of the cities was selected as the object of further consideration. Based on the analysis of the source base, four basic factors of historical urban planning have been outlined, which can be considered as impulse factors in the form of clearly expressed changes - infrastructural, demographic, economic, myth-making. Taking Tenochtitlan, Stockholm and Alexandria as the example, the content and functional structure of infrastructural impulse changes have been outlined. By these we mean rethinking of life support systems, which leads to sharp population growth and employment diversification. To become a ‘growth spurt’ factor, such changes must contain a number of special qualities: convenience, accessibility and uniqueness. Convenience is the difference in the use of infrastructural benefits between the locality in which the impulse change takes place and other similar cities. Accessibility means the ability to use (access) the infrastructural benefits by as many residents as possible. While uniqueness stands for a feature or set of infrastructure features that are notably absent in the cities of the competing area.

The study of the developmental delays of temporal and spatial transformations of architecture and the architectural space is often based on a comprehensive fact analysis. Demographic factors, among others, determine trends of architecture development of public buildings and complexes and changes in the structure of their networks for the short-term. The authors consider fact analysis and trends at three levels to deal with current architecture issues of demographic indicators: the macro-level (global and European), the state level (meso-level), and the micro-level (the region, city, and district level). The demographic situation in Ukraine is objectively different from both the average global trends and the situation in European countries. Currently, there are depopulation signs of changes in Ukraine. The pace of urbanization is projected to be rapid for low-income countries. It was also revealed that public buildings and complexes and their networks are the most sensitive to demographic changes and, at the same time, are more open to the upcoming changes. These changes will include: increasing role and demand for public buildings and complexes under conditions of rapid urbanization; designing in conditions of dense existing development; development, expansion and new types of public buildings appearance following the needs of the population progressive link; the need to create and redistribute networks of public building and complex types depending on the quantitative meanings of demographic forecasts; the predominance of modernization, renovation, expansion and reconstruction of existing buildings in comparison with new construction; providing public buildings with more multifunctionality; public buildings architectural and typological improvement with maximum use in the engineering, construction and operation of modern architectural and engineering innovative practices and techniques.

The article highlights the challenges and proposes solutions for integrating solar PV systems into historic buildings. The essential factors and their constituents (excluding natural and orientation), which limit the integration of solar electrical systems (PV) into historical buildings, are analyzed. It proposes its own view of the degree of value of territories and the most historic buildings and associated legal restrictions. The main properties of photovoltaic cells that influence the choice of solutions for integration into buildings of various categories in territories of different values are determined. The suitability for the integration of the visible parts of solar photovoltaic systems is assessed in terms of their selection and adaptation of their properties in the conditions of the historical environment. The visibility of photovoltaic cells installed on the outer shell of building structures from public spaces is investigated as an aesthetic component of integration, initial conditions, approaches and tools for its analysis. A bunch of value features of territories and buildings with a visual and aesthetic component is proposed as the basis for resolving issues related to determining the level of “criticality of the environment” or “sensitivity of the historical context”. Historical buildings of all categories of value make up a significant part of the construction fund of our state. They are the hallmark of our historic cities. But their normal functioning, and possibly their existence, primarily depends on the preservation of their utilitarian function and adaptation to new energy realities. In order to preserve the architectural heritage for future generations, it is necessary to find such approaches and solutions in the energy modernization of historic buildings that will simultaneously increase comfort, reduce energy bills and minimize environmental impact - to preserve historical and aesthetic values.