The work deals with the problems of studying the plasticity of metals, which are associated with the lack of methods of constructing a "single" curve of limit deformations due to the formation of a neck during stretching of samples and the formation of a barrel during deposition, and at the same time, the increase in plasticity due to the implementation of complex deformation. The purpose of this work is to develop a technique for constructing curves of limit deformations of metals with simple deformation and a constant value of the stress state indicator and to use them for objective assessment of the deformability of the material of the workpieces in the technological processes of plastic molding. The main method of research is an experiment with the creation of controlled and controlled conditions for the deformation of samples. In addition, an experimental and computational method was considered, which involves the construction of deformation paths during the deposition of cylindrical samples and the correction of the limit deformation using the deformability criterion. We found that during stretching, in the case of neck formation, the increase in deformation depends linearly on the ratio of the radius of curvature of the neck to its diameter. An equation is presented, which can be used to take into account the effect of the neck on the increase in limit deformations using the experimental and computational method. A method of rolling a cylindrical sample into a wedge with rolls, the radii of which increase during the rolling process, has been developed. The method provides the possibility of testing cylindrical samples under constant stress and allows obtaining values of plasticity under conditions of uniaxial tension. Curves of limit deformations, with the precision necessary for practice, are proposed to be built based on the results of testing samples for torsion and settling using an approximate dependence. Curves of limit deformations of a number of steels were constructed according to the given method. The resulting curves of limit deformations are constructed excluding the influence of the deformation history on them and can be used for objective evaluation of the deformability of the workpiece material in technological processes.

Improving the performance of microwave devices can be achieved both through the use of a fundamentally new element base, and through the use of new circuit designs. In this respect, the direction of use of the reactive properties of transistors as well as transistor structures with negative resistance for the construction of information-measuring systems and operating and computing devices of the microwave range is promising in this respect. In order to confirm the proposed methods, it is necessary to compare the results of the experimental studies using the proposed methods and means of measuring the W-parameters of real potentially unstable four-poles. As such four-poles it is proposed to use bipolar and transistors with a wide range of frequencies of potential instability. The paper develops mathematical models of W-parameters of such structures and evaluates their parameters in the frequency range. The active four-pole is a transistor model. Its W parameters can be determined either experimentally - for specific conditions or calculated - by using a physical transistor replacement circuit. In most cases, the calculation path is more acceptable because it allows to obtain analytical expressions for the four-pole, it is important in the analysis of the influence of various factors on the characteristics of the scheme under study. The inertial properties of the transistor are already manifested at relatively low frequencies and must be taken into account in practically the entire operating range of the transistor. The theoretical model holds up to frequencies f  2fт (where ft is the limit frequency) [1,3]. At higher frequencies, it is necessary to consider the parasitic reactive parameters of real transistors, first of all, the inductance of the terminals. A physically T-equivalent equivalent transistor replacement scheme was proposed by Pritchard in a simplified version [4]. It has several varieties, differing in the configuration of the circuit consisting of the resistance of the base material and the capacity of the collector junction. If we carefully consider and compare the T and U-shaped circuits of the transistor substitution, it can be noticed that they differ only in the configuration of their inne r part - the theoretical model. At high frequencies P and T, such circuits are not exact mutual equivalents. This is due to the approximation used in the transition from one circuit to another. However, the frequency characteristics of the circuits are very close. Each of them models the processes in the transistor with approximately the same accuracy, and in this sense they are equivalent.

Technological progress is characterized by continuous expansion of automation of all sectors of human activity, the transition from partial automation to integrated, and then from integrated automation to complete, which provides the highest technical and economic efficiency. The 21st century is called the information age, because the main successes of technological progress are now observed precisely in the introduction of information technology to various means and systems of automation. Automation is not possible without measuring equipment. The development of control and measurement technology for automation systems is largely determined by advances in compatible fields of science and technology - in microelectronics, computing, solid state physics, etc. It is for the developers of automation systems and control of various technological parameters that the most favorable environment of practical activity is now created in the form of a huge nomenclature of miniature and reliable sensors, which are easily combined with secondary equipment and allow to transmit measurement information over long distances in the conditions of intensive industrial interferences. Temperature measurement and control tools have long been at the forefront of automated control of many technical processes, the complication of which leads to the need for a sharp increase in the number of measurement channels to obtain complete and objective information about the temperature modes of the processes. In this regard, a computerized temperature control system for crude natural gas air coolers (APOs) is no different than sophisticated industrial automation systems. Given the fact that gas pipelines are an important part of the industrial complex of Ukraine, the development of a modern computerized temperature control system for air coolers for raw natural gas is, without doubt, an urgent scientific and technical task.

Ukraine has untapped potential for the production of own energy from renewable sources - processing of livestock waste (animal manure and bird droppings) with the formation of biogas, which can then be used to produce electricity, heat or fuel - analogues of natural gas (methane) (in particular, for own needs of farms). Currently in Ukraine, the generation of large amounts of waste on industrial farms is an environmental problem that needs to be addressed. Recycling livestock waste to generate biogas will partially solve environmental problems, as well as benefit from decentralized renewable energy production or fuel production. The role of renewable energy sources in energy production is constantly growing and now the issue of increasing the share of renewable sources in the energy balance of each country is relevant. In the supply of primary energy, the share of renewable energy accounts for 13% worldwide. Of these, biomass accounts for 10%, or 258 million tons per year, ie in the world biomass provides the largest share of energy supply from renewable sources. Domestic agricultural enterprises are significant consumers of fuel and energy resources, so they face the objective need to use alternative energy sources, including biofuels and the introduction of innovative energy-saving technologies. Biogas production is an efficient and attractive investment technology, due to the presence of significant raw material potential, favorable climatic and other. However, the level of introduction of this type of energy in the agro-industrial complex is insufficient, which is due to a number of issues, including insufficient level of practical recommendations for choosing power generators, their number, modes of operation taking into account daily energy consumption schedule, load and optimal efficiency. installations while providing autonomous power supply of the enterprise. This paper determines the level of energy supply of livestock farms through the use of biogas plants as a source of energy used for livestock waste.

Study of starting modes of asynchronous electric motors. The growth of their demand in industry and everyday life requires an increase in the intensity of use of new systems of the industry existing in the agricultural sector. Currently, there is an aspiration to make the technological process the most automated, as well as to create the most functional and accessible equipment for an ordinary user to understand. Electric drives consume more than 60% of the produced electricity, increasing their energy efficiency is significantly achieved by switching from an unregulated asynchronous electric drive to a regulated one, which contributes to the improvement of the quality characteristics of technological processes, provides the opportunity to automate production, and increases the level of energy and resource conservation. Recently, systems of automated control of technological processes created on the basis of advanced microprocessor equipment have been actively developed, improved and implemented. Nowadays, the method of controlling the start of engines using a frequency converter is becoming more and more common. Until recently, the method of frequency regulation of the electric drive was considered expensive and was used only for a large range of speed regulation, but with the decrease in price and improvement of frequency converters, this control system becomes an almost ideal technical solution from the point of view of controlling the operation of the pump both in the start/stop period and in normal modes. Modernization of traditional control and start-up systems can become a frequency converter with an open software platform, which allows users to refine the software, optimize it for their tasks, including developing and adding their own software modules both at the power inverter control level and at the software-logic level controller for solving local automation tasks. The wide use of asynchronous motors is explained by their advantages compared to other motors: high reliability, ease of repair, small number of structural elements, the possibility of operation from an alternating current network, ease of maintenance. Various methods are used to solve the problems that appear during the uncontrolled start of an asynchronous motor, which to one degree or another ensure the acceleration of the asynchronous motor with a given value of current, which is significantly lower than with a direct (uncontrolled) start [1]. This makes it possible to prevent the premature failure of the asynchronous motor (AD) and driven mechanisms, to increase the resource of the switching equipment, to ensure the possibility of controlling the electric drive using modern automation tools. In addition, the use of modern controlled start-up allows you to reduce the active power consumption, significantly reduce the reactive power consumption, reduce the noise level, and reduce the vibration of the electric motor. The start of asynchronous short-circuited motors by direct connection to the network is usually accompanied by a large starting current, which exceeds the nominal value by several times.