Following surgical deafferentation of the spinal cord, cut dorsal roots degenerate, and spared projections compensate for this loss by collateral sprouting (reactive reinnervation). Light microscopic immunocytochemistry has shown sprouting by selected undamaged intraspinal projections, including those that express the transmitters substance P and serotonin. Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy supports these results by demonstrating loss and subsequent recovery of substance P-containing terminals and an increase in serotonin-containing terminals. To test the hypothesis that changes in afferent innervation modulate neurotransmitter receptors on second-order neurons, we used receptor binding autoradiography in this model. Adult rats were subjected to L1-S2 unilateral dorsal rhizotomy and killed at 1, 2, 6, or > 20 weeks after surgery. Receptor binding densities of tachykinin (neurokinins-1 and -3), glutamate (N-methyl-D-aspartate), and serotonin (serotonin-1a) receptors were assayed in the lumbar dorsal horn. Neurokinin-1 binding density was increased in lamina II of the deafferented side by 1 week after surgery, remained elevated at 2 weeks, and returned to control values by 6 weeks. Neurokinin 3 binding density was elevated at 2 weeks and then returned to control levels. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor binding showed slight but not statistically significant increased binding density at 6 and at > 20 weeks. No significant changes were found in serotonin-1a receptor binding density. The elevations in tachykinin receptor binding density occur when afferents in the dorsal horn are degenerating and suggest reactive up-regulation of the receptor. The return to normal levels coincides with reactive reinnervation in the spinal cord, which restores synaptic numbers. Changes in N-methyl-D-aspartate binding occur much later than the restitution of synaptic numbers but may indicate a role for this receptor in synaptic stabilization following reactive reinnervation.

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Анотація. У роботі розглянуто підхід до моделювання сигналів серця електричної, магнітної та акустичної (механічної) природи на основі моделей теорії циклічних випадкових функцій, а саме, з використанням циклічного випадкового процесу та вектора циклічних ритмічно пов'язаних випадкових процесів. Наведено структури статистичних оцінок ймовірнісних характеристик досліджуваних сигналів серця, а також результати їх спектрального аналізу. Обґрунтовано інформативні ознаки в комп'ютерних системах функціональної діагностики стану серця на основі запропонованих у роботі їх математичних моделей та методів.

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Introduction The study aim was to predict the risk of climacteric syndrome (CS) developing in perimenopausal women with hypothyroidism (HT) according to the developed algorithm and mathematical model for timely preventive measures. Material and methods 146 perimenopausal women with autoimmune HT were enrolled in this study. Assessment of the severity of metabolic, neurovegetative and psychoemotional symptoms was graded according to the Blatt-Kupperman menopause index. All women were interviewed according to a specially designed questionnaire for predicting the development of severe CS. Multiple regression analysis was used to build a multifactorial mathematical model. Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria were used to assess the normality of the distribution of traits. Results Regression analysis was used to determine the most significant multicollinear risk factors for CS developing: pathology of the thyroid gland, smoking, alcohol consumption, adverse environmental conditions, low physical activity, history of stress and anxiety. The predicted value of the risk factor for severe CS with a high degree of probability was determined in 72 (49.32%) women, medium probability in 58 (39.73%) women, and low probability in 16 (10.95%) women. Conclusions The developed algorithm and mathematical model are informative and allow one to prevent CS and its complications. The decay of women’s health starts many years before menopause and prevention of its consequences is an important task for the clinicians.