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The characteristics of MANET such as decentralized architecture, dynamic topologies make MANETs susceptible to various security attacks. Sequence number attacks are such type of security threats which tend to degrade the network functioning and performance by sending fabricated route reply packets (RREP) with the objective of getting involved in the route and drop some or all of the data packets during the data transmission phase. The sequence number adversary attempts to send a fabricated high destination number in the RREP packet which attracts the sender to establish a path through the adversary node. This paper proposes a proactive secure routing mechanism which is an improvement over the authors previously proposed scheme. It makes use of linear regression mechanism to predict the maximum destination sequence number that the neighboring node can insert in the RREP packet. As an additional security checkpoint, it uses a bait detection mechanism to establish confidence in marking a suspicious node as a malicious node. The proposed approach works in collaboration with the ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) protocol. The simulation results depict that the approach improves the network performance in the presence of adversaries as compared to previously proposed scheme.

Background: American college of obstetricians and gynecologists and the American academy of family physicians recommended that pregnant women with a single previous caesarean delivery and a low-transverse incision should be offered a trial of labour. This study was planned to measure safety and efficacy of elective Foley’s induction as a method of induction in previous one caesarean section.Methods: This was a prospective study of 150 women with previous caesarean section who were candidates for TOLAC admitted in labour room. Induction of labour via Foley’s catheter was done in group A whereas group B had a spontaneous onset of labour in previous caesarean section cases. Augmentation was done, if required.Results: There was spontaneous expulsion of Foley’s catheter in 88% out of which 65.15% patients delivered vaginally and 34.84% were delivered by caesarean section. Out of 12% where Foley’s catheter had to be removed after 12 hours manually, 88.89% were delivered by caesarean section.Conclusions: A change in Bishop score after induction with Foley’s catheter in previous caesarean section leads to higher chances of successful vaginal delivery. The likelihood of successful vaginal delivery increases with increase in FLAMM score.

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