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Abstract-The purpose of this study was to assess the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients and its association with macrovascular and microvascular complications. The study group consisted of 80 obese DM2 patients, including 20 macrovascular, 20 microvascular, 20 both macrovascular and microvascular, and 20 with no complications patients. The control group comprised 40 normoglycemic subjects-20 obese and 20 of normal body weight. Highly sensitive CRP and metabolic control parameters were assessed. CRP levels in obese diabetes subgroups and normoglycemic obese were similar and significantly higher than those in nonobese controls. No correlation was found between CRP and diabetes control parameters. There was a strong positive correlation between CRP level and body mass index in all groups. A multivariate analysis showed that DM2 and obesity are independent factors increasing CRP levels. Increased concentration of CRP in obese DM2 patients is related to obesity and diabetes itself. The lack of association between CRP and vascular complications remains unclear.

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INTRODUCTION An increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (gestational diabetes mellitus -GDM) may be associated with increased insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation. However, approximately half of women with previous GDM (pGDM) do not develop diabetes. These women were the population of focus in the present study.OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess β-cell function, insulin resistance, and the levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory adipokines in normoglycemic women with pGDM. PATIENTS AND METHODSA study group included 199 women with pGDM; the mean time after delivery was 7.4 years. A control group included 50 women without pGDM. All patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the assessment of glycemia and insulinemia, β-cell function (HOMA-%β), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), as well as the levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor α receptor (sTNF-α-R2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), adiponectin, and visfatin. RESULTS Normal glucose tolerance was found in 113 women with pGDM (56.8%; the NGT-GDM[+] group) and in 44 control subjects (88.0%). In comparison with controls, the NGT-GDM[+] group had significantly higher glycemia in the OGTT and significantly lower HOMA-%β values, with comparable HOMA-IR and body mass index values. The NGT-GDM(+) group was shown to have significantly higher levels of sTNF-α-R2 and IL-6, with similar adiponectin and visfatin levels.CONCLUSIONS Normoglycemic women with a history of GDM are characterized by concomitant disturbances in insulin secretion and subclinical inflammation, with normal body weight and insulin sensitivity. It is not known whether these disturbances were present before a GDM-complicated pregnancy or whether they were induced by pregnancy.

Background: To date, no crossover studies have compared the effects of high-protein (HP) and low glycemic index (LGI) diets applied as starting energy-restricted diets. Methods: Thirty-five overweight or obese volunteers with sedentary lifestyles aged 41.4 ± 11.0 years, with body mass index (BMI) of 33.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2, without diabetes, completed an 8-week randomized crossover study of an energy-restricted diet (reduction of 30%; approximately 600 kcal/day). The anthropometric parameters, body composition, 24 h blood pressure, and basic metabolic profile were measured at baseline and after completing the two 4-week diets; i.e., the HP (protein at 30% of the daily energy intake) or LGI diet, followed by the opposite diet. All subjects maintained food diaries and attended six counselling sessions with a clinical dietitian. Results: The final weight loss was not significantly different when the HP diet was used first but was associated with a greater loss of fat mass: 4.6 kg (5.8; 3.0 kg) vs. 2.2 (4.5; 0.8); p < 0.025, preserved muscle mass, and reduced LDL-cholesterol. Conclusions: A short-term HP diet applied as a jump-start diet appeared to be more beneficial than an LGI diet, as indicated by the greater fat mass loss, preservation of muscle mass, and better effects on the lipid profile.