This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/55549/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the AbstractOver-the-counter (OTC) medicines and dietary supplements are increasingly popular in Poland, potentially improving overall health but also posing a threat to public health. The study goal is to characterize and assess behaviors related to use of OTC medicines and dietary supplements among Polish university students. A questionnaire-based survey was performed with students divided into groups (gender, subjects studied, period of studies). The majority of students declared using the products, significantly more females and younger students in their early years. Females tended to be more attentive to product information. Students with a background in biological or medical sciences were also more attentive and less influenced by advertising. We conclude that the differences between the defined groups of students should be utilized in tailored educational activities, aiming to rationalize high consumption of OTC medicines and dietary supplements. Targeting other, especially poor and less-educated groups, should follow.

The effects of exposure to developmental stress often diverge for males and females. Using the scarcity‐adversity model of low nesting resources outside the home cage, our lab has discovered sex differences in both behavioral and epigenetic consequences of repeated exposure to caregiver maltreatment. For the measures we have performed to date, we have found more consequences for females. The reasons underlying this sex disparity are unknown. In the current experiment, we aimed to discern the quality of maternal care received by male and female pups in our model. As we have previously found more behavioral and epigenetic consequences in females, we hypothesized that females receive more adverse care compared to their male littermates. Our hypothesis was supported; in our maltreatment condition, we found that female pups received more adverse care than males. This sex difference in adverse care was not present in our two control conditions (cross‐foster and normal maternal care). These data lend support to the notion that one reason females in our model incur more behavioral and epigenetic consequences is a result of greater mistreatment by the dam.

Aldosterone regulates hemodynamics, including blood pressure (BP), and is involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including systolic heart failure (HF). While exercise intolerance is typical for HF, neither BP nor heart rate (HR) have specific characteristics in HF patients. This study compares BP and HR profiles during and after standardized exercise between patients with systolic HF with either lower or higher aldosterone concentrations. We measured BP and HR in 306 ambulatory adults with systolic HF (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%) during and after a 6 min walk test (6MWT). All patients underwent a resting transthoracic echocardiography, and venous blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. The patients were also divided into tertiles of serum aldosterone concentration: T1 (<106 pg/mL), T2 (106 and 263 pg/mL) and T3 (>263 pg/mL), respectively. Individuals from T1 and T2 were combined into T1–T2 as the reference group for comparisons with patients from T3. The individuals from T3 had significantly lower systolic, mean and diastolic BPs at rest, at the end and at 1 and 3 min post-6MWT recovery, as well as a more dilated left atrium and right ventricle alongside a higher concentration of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Higher serum aldosterone concentration in HF patients with an LVEF < 50% is associated with a lower 6MWT BP but not an HR profile.

In linerature, there are discrepancies about nument and energy metabolism in SGA premature infants ; that could be related to differences in type of inhauterine growth retardation. This study compares results of anthropometric data, 3-day nutritional balance and indirect calorimetry measurements performed in 8 AGA and 8 symmemcally growth retardated infants, at the same post-natal age. Infants were fed pooled HM protein and energy supplemented (HM fortifier : EoprotinB, Milupa). Volume of milk intake, amounts of nitrogen and energy intake were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in protein and energy absorption, but SGA infants tended to present a better fat absorption, likely because they were 3 weeks older. Weight gain and it's composition were similar in both groups, with approximately 20% of fat (non-protein energy deposition). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in response to diet between AGA and SGA VLBW infants. Nutritional needs seem to be similar in AGA and SGA infants, as long as growth retardation is symmehical. This may be different when asymmehically growth retardated infants are concerned. Birth

No abstract