Research projects undertaken in the Cantabrian region since 1980 have produced new, high-quality information about the neolithisation process(es) in this area. It is now necessary to review this archaeological information and test the main hypotheses put forward to explain it. This paper presents an update on the archaeological evidence (sites, chronological dates, archaeozoological, archaeobotanical and technological information) for the early Neolithic in the Cantabrian region. It summarizes recent research on neolithisation in the region, and assesses the impact of this process during the early Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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It is proposed that San Juan ante Portam Latinam was used as burial place for the mainly adolescent and adult male dead of a particular or multiple violent engagements (e.g., battles), while previously or subsequently seeing use for attritional burial by other members of one or more surrounding communities dead over the course of a few generations. The overall bias towards males, particularly to the extent that many may represent conflict mortality, has implications for the structure of the surviving community, the members of which may have experienced increased vulnerability in the face of neighboring aggressors.

The study area is one of many important archaeological sites located near the city of Homs in Syria. Here, the existence of archaeological remains was studied using two complementary geophysical methods: ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The results provide evidence of localized buried remains and allowed detailed preexcavation planning. Furthermore, the later archaeological excavations validated the results obtained from the GPR and ERT surveys. In some areas, the presence of moist clayey soils caused significant attenuation of the radar signal. Conversely, under these circumstances, the contrast in electrical resistivity between natural soil and archaeological targets is enhanced and thus the ERT results identified the archaeological remains. Many two-dimensional (2D) profiles showed a set of high relative resistivity values depicting well-defined discontinuous structures within the first 2 m of depth. Nevertheless, their geometrical distribution and shape was much more clearly defined in the depth slice maps generated from the three-dimensional (3D) blocks. As a result, data analysis provided a high-resolution image of the subsurface distribution of the electrical resistivity properties of each area surveyed that can easily be interpreted in terms of structures of archaeological interest. Figure 4. Two-dimensional (2D) resistivity model with the measured and inverted resistivity obtained from Profile 3 in the western part of the Tell Marj area. This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/arp 278 M. Himi et al.

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