This study examines the contribution of women architects to Palomeras operation projects in the context of the Spanish transition and the Madrid housing emergency in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Works were selected according to their professional impacts; 11 projects were analyzed by redrawing and studying the main types of dwelling. The current reading interpretation—according to a gender perspective—focuses on reproduction of tasks in main spaces at home: in-depth testing of the scope of kitchen surface and glazing ratios, as well as direct lighting, views and minimum distance of housekeeping paths. Furthermore, the comparative and qualitative analysis was based on meaningful data, which yield subtle but expressive results about the consequences of gender-inclusive architect teams. Thus, it is possible to approach and discuss the role played by some women architects of the Madrid School after second-wave feminism, in a key time for gender change in architectural practice in Spain.
Este artículo aborda cualitativamente el alcance e idiosincrasia de la producción arquitectónica llevada a cabo por arquitectas madrileñas entre los años de la Transición española y la crisis económica de 2008. Dicha producción presenta caracteres propios en, al menos, tres cuestiones: funcional, material y formal. Como reza el título, la investigación se centra en la ciudad de Madrid y en la arquitectura residencial, no siendo un estudio cuantitativo, aunque se apoya en datos numéricos, sino una serie de constataciones que permiten extraer conclusiones críticas en torno a los efectos, observables en las viviendas madrileñas, debidos a la incorporación profesional de las arquitectas. A través de estas reflexiones se ha incidido en dos aspectos relacionados con la domesticidad: uno, los tipos residenciales, su composición espacial y su programa funcional; y, dos, los espacios comunitarios de carácter vecinal, como articuladores de la relación entre el ámbito privado y el público. Desde esta perspectiva de género, se aprecia cómo la incorporación de la mujer a la profesión de la arquitectura supuso, entre los inicios de la década de 1980 y el final de la década de 1990, un incremento significativo de soluciones para mejorar la vida, individual y colectiva, de las personas que habitamos el espacio doméstico.
ResumenEste trabajo presenta un recorrido por la obra de Christine Dalnoky, referencia clave para el paisajismo contemporáneo en las últimas décadas. Alineada con la corriente crítica que plantea la práctica de la arquitectura del paisaje como recuperación de la memoria del lugar -en contraposición a las teorías arquitectónicas enfocadas al programa-, se expone su análisis como intersección de planteamientos ideológicos, dialéctica espacial y prevalencia de los ritmos, en coherencia con su evolución personal. La biografía de Christine Dalnoky se perfila en dos etapas: la primera en París, marcada por su asociación a Michel Desvignes desde 1988; la segunda en una pequeña localidad de Provenza, donde en 2002 fundó su nuevo estudio junto a Patrick Solvet. Este drástico alejamiento de la metrópolis se presenta en paralelo al desarrollo de sus proyectos, en especial el del Parque del Agua en Zaragoza, donde el ritmo pausado del paisaje se impone definitivamente a la agitación urbana. ritmo pausado del paisaje 136 Feminismo/s 32, diciembre 2018, pp. Palabras clave: paisajismo, arquitectura, urbanismo, diseño urbano, paisaje. AbstractThis paper is displayed like a journey across the work of Christine Dalnoky, key referent for contemporary landscape architecture. Taking part of the critical movement towards a new landscape architecture focused on memory recovering of the site -in contrast with architectonical theories focused on program-, the analysis is presented as a crossing between ideological positions, spatial dialectic and prevalence or rhythms, in coherence with her personal evolution. Christine Dalnoky biography is divided in two periods: first settled in Paris and identified with her association from 1988 with Michel Desvignes; second moved to a little town in Provence, where she founded a new practices with Patrick Solvet. This radical removal from metropolis is shown in parallel with her projects development, in special with this of Parque del Agua in Zaragoza, where slow rhythm of landscape is imposed definitely over urban agitation.
<p>Cañada de Agra is a new village designed in 1962 by José Luis Fernández del Amo for the Spanish INC (National Institute for Colonization). This paper aims to elucidate the cultural context of this urban project, during the Franco Regime’s post-war period of isolation, the hinterland colonization challenge and the state of architectural development at that time. The discipline of “ruralism” can be traced throughout the 20th Century both for Spain and Europe, as a sort of planning policy primarily concerned with landscape, both natural and agricultural. Among the Spanish designers involved in this policy area, Fernández del Amo stands out for his extensive work in INC new settlements. In this examination of his career and in-depth analysis of Cañada de Agra, including schemes, diagrams and accompanying photo essay, the aim is to show the relevance of this project to the rural planning of the past century, in parallel with the work of other figures of the post-war Modern Movement. Moreover, as “ruralism” is now making a comeback to the contemporary scene, a re-reading of these events may be of value in considering our approach.</p>
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