Tropical grasses are the primary nutrient resource for cattle production in the tropics, and they provide low-cost nutrients to cattle. However, its production is constrained by seasonal changes and quality; hence, appropriate usage of relatively inexpensive agricultural by-products is important to profitable livestock production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing coffee pulp to dairy cows grazing tropical grasses on milk yield and forage intake. Four multiparous crossed Holstein-Brown Swiss-Zebu cows of similar weight and milk yield were used. The effect of 10%, 15% and 20% inclusion of coffee pulp in dairy concentrates on milk yield and forage intake was analysed using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Results showed that there were no significant effects (P > 0.05) in grass dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition body weight and body condition score due to the inclusion of coffee pulp in the dairy concentrates. It is concluded that coffee pulp can be included at levels of 20% in the concentrate without compromising significantly (P > 0.05) milk yield, milk composition and grass dry matter intake. It also was concluded that cost of concentrate is reduced in 20% by the inclusion of coffee pulp.
Se documenta el conocimiento sobre las especies vegetales para el tratamiento de afecciones respiratorias entre los habitantes de la comunidad de Loma Alta en el Área Natural Protegida del Nevado de Toluca, México. Se identificaron las plantas medicinales, formas de uso, partes utilizadas, métodos de preparación, vías de administración y sitios de obtención. La representatividad de la muestra se determinó con la curva de acumulación de especies propuesta por Balick y O’Brien y las de mayor importancia cultural a través del Consenso de Informantes y el Índice de Friedman (FL). Se registran trece taxa: Arceuthobium vaginatum, Barkleyanthus salicifolius, Calendula officinalis, Cosmos parviflorus, Didymaea alsinoides, Eucalyptus globulus, Gnaphalium canescens, Matricaria recutita, Pelargonium x domesticum, Pinus hartwegii, Plantago australis, Simsia amplexicaulis y Symphoricarpos microphyllus. La familia mejor representada es Asteraceae (6 spp.). Las principales afecciones respiratorias tratadas son la tos, gripe, catarro, anginas y acumulación de flemas. Las plantas con mayor trascendencia de acuerdo con el índice de importancia cultural son G. canescens (FL = 82), E. globulus (FL = 80) y M. recutita (FL = 50). Tales especies son altamente accesibles a los usuarios y están disponibles con relativa frecuencia en las zonas perturbadas aledañas al área de estudio así como en mercados locales. Se concluye que la utilización de plantas combinadas con productos farmacéuticos es uno de los principales factores que potencialmente afecta el conocimiento sobre la flora medicinal.
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