There are variations in the extent to which particular types of inferences or activations are made during reading (G. McKoon & R. Ratcliff, 1992;M. Singer, 1994). In this study, the authors investigated the influence of reading purpose (for entertainment or study) on inference generation. Participants read 2 texts aloud and 2 texts for comprehension measures. Reading purpose did not influence off-line behavior (comprehension) but did influence on-line reader behavior (thinking aloud). Readers with a study purpose more often repeated the text, acknowledged a lack of background knowledge, and evaluated the text content and writing than did readers with an entertainment purpose. This pattern was stronger for the expository text than for the narrative text. Reading purpose, and possibly text type, affects the kinds of inferences that readers generate. Hence, inferential activities are at least partially under the reader's strategic control.

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) are associated with dysregulation and overactivation of the complement alternative pathway. Typically, gene analysis for aHUS and C3G is undertaken in small patient numbers, yet it is unclear which genes most frequently predispose to aHUS or C3G. Accordingly, we performed a six-center analysis of 610 rare genetic variants in 13 mostly complement genes (, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, , and) from >3500 patients with aHUS and C3G. We report 371 novel rare variants (RVs) for aHUS and 82 for C3G. Our new interactive Database of Complement Gene Variants was used to extract allele frequency data for these 13 genes using the Exome Aggregation Consortium server as the reference genome. For aHUS, significantly more protein-altering rare variation was found in five genes ,, ,, and than in the Exome Aggregation Consortium (allele frequency< 0.01%), thus correlating these with aHUS. For C3G, an association was only found for RVs in and the N-terminal C3b-binding or C-terminal nonsurface-associated regions of In conclusion, the RV analyses showed nonrandom distributions over the affected proteins, and different distributions were observed between aHUS and C3G that clarify their phenotypes.

Presentamos un proyecto educativo centrado en la conformación de una Red de huertos escolares ecológicos comunitarios, cuya finalidad es mostrar cómo tales huertos no sólo constituyen recursos educativos, sino que pueden convertirse en elementos vertebradores de cambio e innovación en la cultura escolar, permitiendo educar de un modo más integral y significativo, a la vez que capacitar a los educandos en las competencias transversales demandadas por la educación para el desarrollo sostenible. Para llevarlo a cabo se aplica una metodología de investigación-acción participativa (IAP), basada en el diálogo y la negociación como vías para que los participantes reflexionen y den solución conjunta a las diferentes necesidades y problemas que el proyecto va planteando. Los profesores universitarios, directores del proyecto, aplican con sus alumnos universitarios una metodología de Aprendizaje Servicio, poniendo en marcha, en colaboración con las diferentes instituciones participantes, un proyecto piloto inicial y una posterior red de huertos escolares comunitarios, siguiendo las directrices para la introducción de la sostenibilidad en el curriculum (CADEP-CRUE, 2005). La conclusión fundamental es que los huertos escolares, así concebidos, al integrar a la Comunidad, pueden llegar a constituir espacios socioeducativos transversales de gran valor educativo y social, dado que no sólo sirven para mejorar la intervención educativa, sino también para promover una cultura social comprometida con la sostenibilidad.

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CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low‐prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15‐year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research.