These results suggest that exercise training and LLLT were effective in preventing cartilage degeneration and modulating inflammatory process induced by knee OA.

Researchers have investigated several therapeutic approaches to treat non-union fractures. Among these, bioactive glasses and glass ceramics have been widely used as grafts. This class of biomaterial has the ability to integrate with living bone. Nevertheless, bioglass and bioactive materials have been used mainly as powder and blocks, compromising the filling of irregular bone defects. Considering this matter, our research group has developed a new bioactive glass composition that can originate malleable fibers, which can offer a more suitable material to be used as bone graft substitutes. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the morphological structure (via scanning electron microscope) of these fibers upon incubation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) after 1, 7 and 14 days and, also, evaluate the in vivo tissue response to the new biomaterial using implantation in rat tibial defects. The histopathological, immunohistochemistry and biomechanical analyzes after 15, 30 and 60 days of implantation were performed to investigate the effects of the material on bone repair. The PBS incubation indicated that the fibers of the glassy scaffold degraded over time. The histological analysis revealed a progressive degradation of the material with increasing implantation time and also its substitution by granulation tissue and woven bone. Histomorphometry showed a higher amount of newly formed bone area in the control group (CG) compared to the biomaterial group (BG) 15 days post-surgery. After 30 and 60 days, CG and BG showed a similar amount of newly formed bone. The novel biomaterial enhanced the expression of RUNX-2 and RANK-L, and also improved the mechanical properties of the tibial callus at day 15 after surgery. These results indicated a promising use of the new biomaterial for bone engineering. However, further long-term studies should be carried out to provide additional information concerning the material degradation in the later stages and the bone regeneration induced by the fibrous material.

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The study suggests that hydrocinesiotherapy was effective as an alternative therapy for fibromyalgia, however further studies are recommended to test the associations between the variables and intervention programs and using the water activities, and the modifiability of the parameters of physical and mental health when these individuals undergo programs of short, medium and long duration.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to a delay in bone healing. Thus, some therapeutic approaches have been used to accelerate the process of bone repair such as photobiomodulation (PBM). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PBM, in different fluences, in bone repair in an experimental model of tibial bone defects in diabetic rats. Sixty-four Wistar rats were submitted to a surgical procedure to perform bone defect and distributed in four groups: diabetic control group (DCG), diabetic laser group 30 J/cm(2) (L30), diabetic laser group 60 J/cm(2) (L60), and diabetic laser group 120 J/cm(2) (L120). A 808 nm Ga-Al-As (DMC Equipment, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) laser, 100 mW; 0.028 cm(2); 3.57 W/cm(2); 30, 60, and 120 J/cm(2); 0.84, 1.68, and 3.36 J; 8, 16, and 33 s was used. Animals were euthanized 15 and 30 days after the surgery. Histological, morphometric, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical analyses were performed. In the histological and morphometric evaluation, all laser-treated groups showed a better histological pattern and a higher amount of newly formed bone compared to DCG. An intense RUNX2 immunoexpression was observed in the laser-treated groups, 15 days after the surgery. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-β ligand (RANK-L) immunohistochemistry analysis showed a significant decrease in the immunoreactivity for L30 and L120, 30 days after surgery. There was no statistical difference in the biomechanical analysis among the groups. In conclusion, PBM, in all fluences used, showed an osteogenic potential in bone healing of diabetic rats.