<p>The establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has sparked many debates and controversies in the last five years since it was announced back in 2013. Amongst studies trying to explain the reason for the establishment of the AIIB, most of them are based on the analysis of Sino-U.S. relations especially on how they overlooked China as a replacement for global hegemon to the U.S.However, considering China’s foreign policy in the recent decade, the establishment of the AIIB is considered as a typical step to becoming a leader in regionalism of East Asia. This writing concludes that China is still only aiming to become regional leader in the scale of East Asia.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: East Asia, Regionalism, Leadership, China, AIIB</p>

Cooperation between cities and states/provinces has gained its attention in contemporary global affairs. Most scholars refer to it as para-diplomacy, which can be defined as cooperation between sub-national actors for the benefit or the interest of the national governments. This research focuses on the practice of para-diplomacy between West Java Province of Indonesia and South Australia. It aims to explain the progress of the sister province cooperation out of the renewal of its agreement in 2015 and their progress of cooperation until 2017. This research utilizes annual reports of the cooperation from both sides of the parties to identify the practices and progress of the cooperation. From the analysis, cooperation in agriculture, fisheries, and tourism, including culture and education are still in the developing progress. Nevertheless, several sectors have shown an improvement on the West Java’s side.AbstrakKerja sama antar Pemerintah Kota dan Pemerintah Provinsi telah menjadi salah satu perhatian di studi Hubungan Internasional. Mayoritas peneliti menamakan hal ini sebagai aktivitas paradiplomasi yang berarti kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh aktor sub-nasional untuk mendapatkan manfaat atau mencapai kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini berfokus pada praktek paradiplomasi antara Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan Australia Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan dari kerja sama provinsi yang telah dilaksanakan dari pembaharuan perjanjian kerja sama pada tahun 2015 hingga tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan laporan tahunan dari kedua belah pihak sebagai sumber utama. Dari analisis ini, kerja sama dalam bidang pertanian, perikanan, dan pariwisata serta kebudayaan dan pendidikan masih dalam tahap perkembangan awal. Walaupun, beberapa sektor telah menunjukkan perkembangan yang baik, terutama bagi Jawa Barat.

<span lang="EN-ID">This article aims to analyse Indonesia’s </span><span>diplomacy strategy</span><span lang="EN-ID"> to</span><span> the Philippines in </span><span lang="EN-ID">actualizing blue economy</span><span> from 2014 until 2017. Indonesia's geographical condition, which is the largest archipelagic country in the world and is located within the coral triangle region brace Indonesia to have enormous marine potentials and high valuation. Indonesia during the reign of President Joko Widodo committed to develop their economy from the marine sector using blue economic principle-- the utilization of marine potential by considering the long-term calculation between social and the environmental sustainability. </span><span lang="EN-ID">The authors use </span><span>complex interdependence th</span><span lang="EN-ID">eory which</span><span> show</span><span lang="EN-ID">s</span><span> that cooperation between Indonesia and the Philippines by involving the role of </span><span lang="EN-ID">non-governmental organizations and business stakeholders</span><span> contribute to solve problems and support the successful implementation of the blue economy. </span><span lang="EN-ID">Through</span><span> a qualitative analytic research method, this article </span><span lang="EN-ID">finds </span><span>Indonesia’s diplomac</span><span lang="EN-ID">y</span><span> strategy as the effort to implement blue economy </span><span lang="EN-ID">by </span><span>using Multi-track Diplomacy approach, which focuses on the government (</span><span lang="EN-ID">Track I</span><span>)</span><span lang="EN-ID"> through the</span><span> signing of Joint Declaration </span><span lang="EN-ID">of Sea Connectivity </span><span>between the two countries, non-government professional (Track II) through the establishment of the Working Group for Coral Triangle Initiatives involving Non-Governmental Organizations in Indonesia</span><span lang="EN-ID">,</span><span> and business (Track III) through the Coral Triangle Initiatives-Business Forum to the Philippines during the administration of President Joko Widodo in 2014-2017.</span><div><span><br /></span></div><div><span><span lang="EN-ID">Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi diplomasi Indonesia ke Filipina dalam mengaktualisasikan ekonomi biru dari 2014 hingga 2017. Kondisi geografis Indonesia, yang merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia dan terletak di dalam kawasan segitiga karang menganugerahkan Indonesia dengan potensi laut yang sangat besar dan valuasi tinggi. Indonesia pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo berkomitmen untuk mengembangkan ekonomi mereka dari sektor kelautan menggunakan prinsip ekonomi biru-- pemanfaatan potensi kelautan dengan mempertimbangkan perhitungan jangka panjang antara keberlanjutan sosial dan lingkungan. Penulis menggunakan teori <em>‘complex interdependence’</em> yang menunjukkan bahwa kerja sama antara Indonesia dan Filipina dengan melibatkan peran organisasi non-pemerintah dan pemangku kepentingan bisnis berkontribusi untuk memecahkan masalah dan mendukung keberhasilan implementasi ekonomi biru.</span><span>Menggunakan </span><span lang="EN-ID">metodologi penelitian kualitatif, skripsi ini menjelaskan strategi diplomasi Indonesia dalam upaya untuk mengaktualisasikan ekonomi bitu dengan menggunakan langkah<em> Multi-track Diplomacy, </em>dengan fokus dalam kerjasama negara<em> (Track I) </em>melalui penandatanganan <em>Joint Declaration of Sea Connectivity</em> antara kedua negara</span><span>, </span><span lang="EN-ID">organisasi non-pemerintah <em>(Track II)</em> melalui penetapan kelompok kerja untuk kerjasama <em>Coral Triangle Initiative</em> dengan melibatkan organisasi non-pemerintah di Indonesia, dan bisnis <em>(Track III)</em> melalui Forum Bisnis Regional </span><em><span>Coral Triangle Initiatives</span></em><span lang="EN-ID"> kepada Filipina selama masa administrasi Presiden Joko Widodo tahun 2014-2017.</span></span></div>

<p class="p1">This study examines the Indonesian government's commitment to gender equality as part of SGD 5. Gender equality is a human security concern that is fundamental to Indonesia's development. Thus, Indonesia's commitment and seriousness must be assessed to ensure that the agreed-upon SDG targets are met. The writers employ the concepts of SDGs and Human Security as analytical tools in evaluating and analyzing Indonesia's promises. The writers classify the aims specified in SDG 5 using the UNDP's seven elements of human security. The writers next explain the strategies and capacities required to handle human security based on the elements. The writers also employ a qualitative content analysis method in which the researchers evaluate diverse sources from official papers. Furthermore, the writers then examine the implementation of SDG 5 using the indicators provided by Bappenas. The writers categorize the analysis based on human security elements and provides an assessment of the government's executed strategies. Finally, the writers believes that, overall, Indonesia's commitment to implementing the SDGs program from 2015 to 2021 did not meet the desired target, but it was ideal in certain targets and indicators.</p><p class="p1"><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstract:</strong> Penelitian ini membahas tentang komitmen pemerintah Indonesia dalam menjamin kesetaraan gender sebagai bagian dari SGDs nomor 5. Isu kesetaraan gender merupakan isu keamanan manusia yang menjadi fokus pembangunan Indonesia. Sehingga komitmen dan keseriusan Indonesia perlu dievaluasi untuk menjamin tercapainya target-target dalam SDGs yang sudah disepakati. Dalam mengevaluasi dan menganalisa komitmen Indonesia, penulis menggunakan konsep SDGs dan Keamanan Manusia sebagai alat analisis. Penulis menggunakan tujuh elemen keamanan manusia berdasarkan UNDP dalam mengklasifikasikan target-target yang tercantum dalam SDGs nomor 5. Kemudian, penulis memaparkan strategi dan kapasitas yang diperlukan dalam mengatasi keamanan manusia sesuai elemennya. Penulis juga menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan content analysis dimana para peneliti mengkaji berbagai sumber dari dokumen resmi. Kemudian penulis menganalisa implementasi SDGs nomor 5 menggunakan indikator yang sudah disediakan oleh Bappenas. Penulis mengelompokkan analisa berdasarkan elemen keamanan manusia dan memberikan evaluasi strategi pemerintah yang sudah dijalankan. Terakhir penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Komitmen Indonesia dalam menjalankan program SDGs sejak tahun 2015 hingga 2021 dapat dikatakan belum sesuai target yang diinginkan secara umum, namun sudah sempurna di beberapa target dan indikator.</p>

This article investigates Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy in Saudi Arabia through the tourism promotion programs from 2015 to 2018. Cultural diplomacy is aimed to raise awareness about the wealth of Indonesian culture relating to tourism that can be utilized in obtaining the desired outcomes. This article employs the concept of ‘sof power’ and qualitative approach with the technique of data collection by analysing the official documents from the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism, as well as the technique of secondary data collection that analyzes several literatures including books, reports, journals, and related articles. This article argues that Indonesia’s efforts in conducting cultural diplomacy practices in Saudi Arabia through the tourism promotion programs from 2015 to 2018 is involving the cultural elements to the programs that were Islamic-nuanced and recognized as the world’s intangible cultural heritage by the UNESCO.