PSA level used as the main biomarker of prostate cancer is still controversial because it can provide a false positive result (Pentyala et al., 2016), while the use of a biopsy carries the risk of infectious complications (Wu et al., 2018), and can increase the risk of disease complications in patients with negative emotions (Wade et al., 2013).Therefore, supporting diagnostic methods are required to provide a more accurate diagnosis. A liquid biopsy such as urine can be a good option because it is noninvasive, simple, and can be repeated. In the body fluids, there are various cell and tissue products, including exosomes and extracellular nanovesicles which function as a medium of communication between cells. Exosomes enclose genetic

No abstract

No abstract

Understanding the interactions between cellular proteins and compounds from agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii) could lead to effective approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify the interaction between lauric acid, a compound derived from agarwood (G. versteegii) and its target proteins using String database analysis. String analysis showed that lauric acid affects cellular proliferation through interactions with the Androgen Receptor (AR) and binds to Aldo-Keto Reductase (AKR1C3). Lauric acid also interacted with mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and other proteins such as matrix metalloprotein (MMP2), chemokine (CXCL8), B-cell lymphoma protein (BCL2). Retinoid Acid Receptor (RARG) and Androgen Receptor (AR) sub network are bridging system of regulation in breast cancer molecular process. These results show that lauric acid may interact with many proteins by AR sub network to increase apoptosis and reduce cancer cell proliferation. These results show that lauric acid may interact with many proteins to increase apoptosis and reduce cancer cell proliferation.

Obesity has become increasingly prevalent worldwide each year. Several studies have proven that herbs are effective in preventing obesity. The research delved into the active compounds of Boesenbergia pandurata to reveal their mechanisms of action by utilizing bioinformatics approaches. The research methods included active compounds selection, QSAR analysis, networking analysis, molecular docking, and ADME prediction. The QSAR analysis predicted that the active compounds were correlated with some theoretical activities with more than 0.5 probability, namely vasoprotective, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and as a lipid metabolism regulator and TNF expression inhibitor. Furthermore, the results of the networking analysis showed that five compounds (pinocembrin, cardamonin, flavokawain B, flavokawain C, and tectochrysin) had direct interactions with RPS6KB1. Pinocembrin exhibited the highest binding affinityof -7.26 kcal/mol, although not as strong as that of the control ligand (FS9). The ADME prediction indicated that the five compounds were non-toxic and had excellent absorption. It can be concluded that the active compounds of B. pandurata have the ability to improve metabolic syndrome, especially obesity, in silico through several mechanisms, such as suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, regulation of lipid metabolism, and those associated with antioxidants.