Background and purpose: Zingiberaceae family has been widely used as an herbal medicine from generation to generation. This review aimed more in-depth into information and correlation about the empirical uses, bioactive compounds, and biological activities, a literature review genus Zingiber was conducted. Methods: Articles about genus Zingiber were collected from databases (e.g., DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journal), PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Springer), they were sorted based on inclusions criteria such as; related to bioactive compounds and biological activities of the samples and also articles for the last ten year. Results: The screening results obtained 52 reports to review and grouped according to each plant's bioactive content and pharmacological effect. The extensive constituent in genus Zingiber is essential oil. Therefore, the major activity found in this genus was related to antimicrobial and anti-oxidant. Furthermore, the other activities of plants were related to their factual use during this time. Conclusion: The empirical uses of these rhizomes were in line with the bioactive compounds and biological activities.
Suku Zingiberaceae dikenal sebagai sumber obat tradisional. Pemanfaatan sebagai tanaman obat sudah dikenal secara turun temurun dari generasi ke generasi. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan pengujian toksisitas untuk mengevaluasi dan memprediksi keamanan penggunaan tanaman obat tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui toksisitas akut dari ekstrak dan fraksi temu hitam, temu mangga, jahe merah, bangle dan kencur berdasarkan nilai LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50). Proses ekstraksi rimpang dari tanaman temu hitam, temu mangga, jahe merah, bangle, dan kencur dengan ekstraksi sinambung menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan difraksinasi menggunakan pelarut bertingkat (n-heksan, etil asetat dan air). Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan menggunakan ikan zebra. Dari pengamatan diperoleh perbedaan morfologi embrio dan larva ikan zebra yang dipaparkan dengan ekstrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat maupun fraksi air jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif yang berisi media E3. Perbedaan tersebut antara lain edema perikardial, edema yolk sac, tulang belakang lengkung, tulang ekor lengkung, koagulasi dan malformasi rahang. Hasil nilai LC50 terendah diberikan oleh fraksi air rimpang jahe merah sebesar 3,66 µg/mL sedangkan ekstrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat, fraksi air rimpang kencur memberikan nilai LC50 sebesar 4,29 µg/mL; 5,22 µg/mL; dan 2,94 µg/mL. Ekstrak etanol, fraksi kencur serta fraksi air dari jahe merah tergolong toksisitas sedang.
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