Introduction: When a nonsurgical endodontic treatment is ineffective, surgery is necessary. This entails putting a retrofilling to seal the tooth’s apex. Exposing the lesion, performing a curettage, exposing the root apex, resecting it, preparing the root end, and lastly filling the cavity with the proper material are all steps in endodontic surgery. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the apical microleakage of four root-end filling materials in cavities prepared using ultrasonic retro tip in in vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted on 60 extracted single-rooted teeth and was cut at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). They were biomechanically prepared and obturated. Apical 3 mm root-end resection was done using a diamond disc. Root-end cavities were made using an ultrasonic retro tip. Teeth were separated into four groups and filled with SuperEBA ®️ ethoxy-benzoic acid (EBA; Keystone Industries, New Jersey), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine (Septodont, France), and TotalFill Bioceramic Root Repair Material (BC RRM; FKG Dentaire Sàrl, Switzerland). The samples were kept in methylene blue dye and split longitudinally. The degree of dye penetration was observed under a stereomicroscope and scored. Finally, the results were analyzed. Results: TotalFill BC RRM and Biodentine showed the least apical microleakage (p <0.05). Group 1 samples had the highest mean microleakage, followed by Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 samples. Conclusion:All of the sample groups showed some evidence of microleakage, but not all of the samples showed leaking. SuperEBA (Group 1) demonstrated the highest microleakage when compared to the other groups.

The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Salicylic Acid (SA) on the growth and yield of carnation under naturally ventilated polyhouse”, was carried out during November, 2021 to April 2022 in, Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, it was concluded that the plant growth regulators treatments rendered their significant effect on almost all the growth, flowering and yield characters as well as quality of carnation. The treatment T3 i.e. application of GA3 @ 200 ppm was found superior in terms of Plant height (102.27cm), number of leaves (203.67), number of shoots (7.67), internodal length (7.73cm), number of internodes per shoot (17), bud length (10cm), bud diameter (2.87cm), flower diameter (6.80cm), flower length (5.67cm), flower stalk length (96.93cm), vase life (10.33), number of cut flower stalks per plant (7.00) and number of cut flower stalks per square meter (175). However, plants treated with SA @ 120ppm took minimum days for bud initiation (112.67 days) and the days taken to bud opening (24.67). Among the different treatments the highest Gross return (Rs/200m2) (7,00,000), Net return (441565), benefit cost ratio (2.70) was obtainedunder the use of GA3 @ 200 ppm (T3).