No abstract

Prostate abscess (PA) is a rare but serious infection of the prostate gland. Traditionally a complication of urethral gonococcal infection, the majority of PAs are now seen in the older or immunosuppressed populations, in men with existing prostatic disease, or those who have undergone recent instrumentation of the lower urinary tract. Aetiological organisms are diverse, often with non-specific presentations posing a diagnostic challenge. Multiple management options have been described, however no consensus exists on what is the best practice. This comprehensive review examines the literature surrounding this condition in detail, with a focus on diagnostic and surgical treatment options. Recommendations for practice are made where appropriate. This article aims to edge towards a national guideline for the management of PA and inspire more research in the field. Level of evidence - 3a

Pelvic phleboliths are a common radiological finding, especially in the older population, which continue to present diagnostic challenges in those with suspected ureteral calculi. With greater awareness, the uncertainty can be overcome by identifying defining characteristics when interpreting radiological investigations.

No abstract

Schistosoma haematobium is the species primarily responsible for the manifestation of schistosomiasis in the genitourinary tract. It is a parasitic disease caused by flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma, which can result in acute and chronic manifestation. We report a case of urinary schistosomiasis that initially presented as advanced bladder cancer with pulmonary metastasis on initial computed tomography scan. Further investigations revealed no cancer and pulmonary changes resolved with treatment. The involvement of bladder is the hallmark of S. haematobium infection and it is unusual to have pulmonary manifestation without concurrent hepatosplenic disease. Within the lungs, deposition of Schistosoma eggs causes a granulomatous reaction, typically producing miliary nodules on chest radiographs. In our case, this was interpreted initially as lung metastases. However, given the cystoscopic findings and subsequent resolution with praziquantel, this was proved otherwise. This case highlights the importance of urinary cytology in the initial investigation of haematuria. Clinicians should be aware of such a potential differential diagnosis, especially in patients with prior travel history to endemic areas.