The increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere contribute to increasing average temperature earth’s surface. This research investigated relationship between variation of GHGs and human thermal comfort based on humidity index (humidex). This study applied humidex, an indices to assess the thermal comfort. The analysis was done by examining the observational data from two different monitoring stations in Serpong and Bogor. The result showed that the average CO2 concentration per month ranged between 422 and 453 ppm in Serpong, whereas in Bogor the average CO2 concentration per month was 413-426 ppm. The average CH4 concentration per month variation in Serpong was 2.05-2.65 ppm. While in Bogor, the average CH4 concentration per month variation ranged between 1.92 and 2.08 ppm. The difference of GHGs concentration in each location might be influenced by meteorological parameters and environmental characteristics. The comfort level according to humidex in Serpong was 30.5-41.5 whereas in Bogor was 29.4-38.5. The correlation between GHGs concentration and air temperature in urban areas in both stations showed a significant and strong but negative relationship. The relationship between GHGs concentration and humidex was indirectly indicated by the relationship of GHGs concentration on air temperature as indicator of humidex.

The Indonesian government implemented restrictions on social activities to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Limiting activities reduced transportation and industrial activities, so it was suspected that it could affect air quality in Serpong. This research aimed to analyze PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations before, during, and easing of the restrictions on COVID-19. In addition, this research also examined the correlation between pollutant concentration levels and precipitation. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and precipitation data were obtained from real-time and continuous measurements from January 2020 to August 2022. The analysis used was descriptive, comparison, and correlation. The comparison analysis to determine particulate concentration before activity restrictions, first Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR-1), LSSR-New normal, LSSR-Transition period, Emergency Community Activities Restriction Enforcement (Emergency CARE), and easing of COVID-19 restrictions. The analysis shows that the average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 during the measurement period were about 33 μg/m3 and 56 μg/m3, respectively. Comparative analysis indicates differences in PM2.5 concentrations between before the activity restrictions were imposed and LSSR-1, LSSR-New Normal, Emergency CARE, and the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. In addition, there was a difference in the average PM10 concentration between before activity restrictions and LSSR-New normal and emergency CARE. Correlation analysis shows a weak relationship between precipitation and PM concentrations in the representative wet and dry months.