1. Parasitoid wasps affect herbivory in natural and agricultural ecosystems, including cash crops. The impacts of rainforest transformation to rubber and oil palm on parasitoid wasp communities are poorly understood.2. We collected canopy arthropods, once each in dry season and rainy season, via canopy fogging in four land-use systems in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia: Rainforest, jungle rubber (extensive rubber cultivation) and plantations of rubber and oil palm.3. The combined abundance and richness of six parasitoid wasp families, and Braconidae individually, was twice as high in rainforest as in rubber and oil palm plantations, and intermediary in jungle rubber. There was a significant positive correlation between combined abundance of six parasitoid wasp families, and abundances of potential hosts from the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. Braconid biomass tended to be highest in rainforest and lowest in oil palm plantations, and Braconid communities in oil palm differed from those in the other land uses. Both patterns were influenced by season. 4. Our study details the effects of rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm on parasitoid wasp communities, and provides first insights on the influence of rainfall seasonality on their abundance, biomass, species richness and community composition in Southeast Asian agricultural landscapes.

ABSTRAKKunci identifikasi lalat buah memberikan informasi taksonomi yang berkaitan dengan identifikasi spesies lalat buah berdasarkan karakter yang terdapat pada imago lalat buah. Kunci ini dibuat berdasarkan koleksi lalat buah dari Kabupaten Bogor dan sekitarnya. Spesies lalat buah yang dideskripsikan dalam kunci identifikasi terdiri dari 18 spesies lalat buah yang termasuk ke dalam 2 genus dan 4 subgenus, yaitu Bactrocera (Bactrocera) albistrigata de meijere, Bactrocera (Bactrocera) Preparation of identification keys were done by created a matrix of characters, through comparing several characters such as face spot, lateral postsutural vittae, the color of the legs, wide and narrow costal band, medial longitudinal band, as well as the lateral margin of terga III to V.

ABSTRAKBogor dan sekitarnya merupakan salah satu wilayah Jawa Barat yang memiliki keanekaragaman tanaman hortikultura yang tinggi dan memengaruhi keberadaan serta keanekaragaman lalat buah di wilayah ini. Penelitian terkait keanekaragaman spesies lalat buah tidak hanya berhubungan dengan jumlah spesies lalat buah, namun juga memberikan informasi ekologi mengenai persebaran lalat buah di Kabupaten Bogor dan sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan persebaran dari spesies lalat buah serta inangnya di Kabupaten Bogor dan sekitarnya. Lalat buah dikoleksi dari 119 lokasi pengambilan contoh di Kabupaten Bogor dan beberapa lokasi dari Cianjur, Bekasi dan Depok. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 metode, yaitu pemeliharaan inang dan penggunaan perangkap. Perangkap yang digunakan adalah modifikasi dari perangkap Lynfield dan dikombinasikan dengan 2 atraktan yang berbeda, yaitu Methyl eugenol (ME) dan Cue lure (CL). Tercatat 18 spesies lalat buah yang didapatkan melalui pemasangan perangkap dan pemeliharaan 24 spesies inang. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa persebaran, keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan dari lalat buah dipengaruhi oleh keanekaragaman inang lalat. Kata kunci: pemeliharaan inang, Bactrocera sp., perangkap Lynfield ABSTRACTBogor and its surrounding area is known as one of the region in West Java that has high diversity of horticultural plants that may have an affect on fruit fly diversity. Research on fruit fly diversity is not merely provide information on the species richness of fruit flys but also provide information on its distribution and dispersion. The aim of this research was to investigate the diversity and distribution of fruit flies species and their hosts in Bogor and its surrounding area. Fruit flies were collected from 119 sampling areas in Bogor Cianjur, Bekasi and Depok. Fruit flies were sampled using two methods, i.e. host rearing and trapping. Traps were modified from Lynfield traps and combined with two different attractants, i.e. metil eugenol (ME) and Cue lure (CL). We found 18 species of fruit flies collected from traps and 24 host plants. The result showed that distribution, diversity and abundance of fruit flies was influenced by the diversity of host plants.

Hymenoptera merupakan salah satu dari empat ordo serangga terbesar di dunia yang salah satu perannya adalah sebagai musuh alami (parasitoid, predator). Konversi lahan dapat memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi hymenopteran parasitoid dan peran ekologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memelajari pengaruh tipe penggunaan lahan terhadap keanekaragaman dan komposisi dari hymenopteran parasitoid di Jambi. Penelitian diakukan pada berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan di lanskap Hutan Harapan dan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD), Provinsi Jambi meliputi hutan, hutan karet, perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan perkebunan karet. Pengambilan sampel serangga dilakukan dari bulan Maret sampai September 2013, dengan teknik pengasapan (fogging). Sebanyak 14.258 individu hymenopteran parasitoid yang terdiri atas 30 famili diperoleh dari seluruh lokasi penelitian. Famili Encyrtidae, Bracondae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, Ceraphronidae, dan Platigasteridae merupakan famili yang ditemukan dengan kelimpahan tinggi. Tipe penggunaan lahan kelapa sawit ditemukan memiliki komposisi parasitoid berbeda dibandingkan dengan tipe penggunaan lahan lainnya, sedangkan tipe penggunaan lahan hutan dan hutan karet memiliki komposisi spesies yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tipe penggunaan lahan mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi spesies hymenopteran parasitoid.

In tropical regions, habitat change and fragmentation partly occur due to urbanization. This change of land-use can affect many ecosystem services and their providers, such as pollination and pollinators. Within agricultural systems, monoculture systems and pesticide application are the most detrimental to pollinators and insect communities. In this study, we investigated the effect of distance from natural habitat on the diversity of insect pollinators and cucumber productivity. As the independent variable, distance from natural habitats was classified into two different groups i.e. agricultural area near to (less than 200m) and far from (more than 1km) the natural habitat. We found that the abundance of insect pollinators was significantly lower in agricultural areas near to natural habitats compared to those located far from natural habitats. Cucumber farms located near to natural habitats had 54% similar species composition of insect pollinators with cucumber farms located far from natural habitats. The productivity of cucumbers did not differ between cucumber farms near to and far from natural habitats. An expected result was the positive correlation between pollinator abundance (i.e. Xylocopa spp.) and the productivity of cucumber. Our findings suggest that the diversity of pollinators in tropical agricultural landscape is influenced more by a landscape composition of high natural habitat fragments than spatial distance between cropland and natural habitats.